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A Measurement of RF Field Intensities in the Immediate Vicinity of an FM Broadcast Station Antenna

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R. A. Tell · 1976

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FM broadcast antennas create some of the strongest RF exposures in our environment, requiring careful measurement for safety.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

This 1976 technical report measured radio frequency field intensities directly around FM broadcast station antennas to understand actual exposure levels. The study documented RF field strengths in areas where people might be present near these powerful transmission facilities. This type of measurement work helps establish safety guidelines for workers and the public around broadcast infrastructure.

Why This Matters

This early measurement work represents crucial baseline research that helped establish our understanding of RF exposure levels around broadcast facilities. FM radio stations transmit at power levels ranging from hundreds to tens of thousands of watts, creating some of the strongest RF fields in our everyday environment. What makes this study particularly relevant is that it measured actual field intensities rather than relying on theoretical calculations. The reality is that people living or working near FM broadcast towers can experience RF exposures orders of magnitude higher than typical household sources like WiFi routers or cell phones. While FM radio frequencies (88-108 MHz) are lower than cell phone frequencies, the power levels are dramatically higher, making proximity to these antennas a significant exposure consideration that predates our current wireless world.

Finding

From an examination of the data it is clear that exposure intensities on FM broadcast towers can exceed the OSHA recommended safety level of 10 mW/cm2 by more than a factor of 10.

In their words

From an examination of the data it is clear that exposure intensities on FM broadcast towers can exceed the OSHA recommended safety level of 10 mW/cm2 by more than a factor of 10.

Figures from the Original Paper

Diagram extracted from the original research document.

diagramPage 6 - AI-described figure: Figure 1. FM and TV Broadcast Towers on Mt. Wilson showing measured values of radiation exposure (energy density in μJ/m³) on the tower at left.

Exposure Information

A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 3 MHz to 3 GHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 3 MHz to 3 GHzPower lines50/60 HzCell phones~1 GHzWiFi2.4 GHz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale

Specific exposure levels were not quantified in this study. Duration: about 20 minutes

Study Details

To measure radiofrequency field intensities in the immediate vicinity of an FM broadcast station antenna and evaluate potential exposure risks to personnel working on broadcast towers.

Measurements were made with an electric field energy density meter, model EDM-3, designed and develo...

The highest value of energy density measured directly under the towers on the ground was 0.032 uJ/m3...

Exposure intensities on FM broadcast towers can exceed the OSHA recommended safety level of 10 mW/cm2 by more than a factor of 10. The simplest method of control appears to be to turn off the transmitter while work which requires people to be on the tower is done. Television towers are also suspected of having very high levels near the antenna since they have significantly higher powers than FM broadcast stations. Standard broadcast AM towers may also be of concern because of high surface fields on the tower.

Cite This Study
R. A. Tell (1976). A Measurement of RF Field Intensities in the Immediate Vicinity of an FM Broadcast Station Antenna.
Show BibTeX
@article{a_measurement_of_rf_field_intensities_in_the_immediate_vicinity_of_an_fm_broadca_g6113,
  author = {R. A. Tell},
  title = {A Measurement of RF Field Intensities in the Immediate Vicinity of an FM Broadcast Station Antenna},
  year = {1976},
  
  
}
No DOI on file for this study.

Quick Questions About This Study

FM broadcast antennas can create extremely high RF field intensities in their immediate vicinity, potentially thousands of times stronger than typical household wireless devices. The exact levels depend on transmission power and distance from the antenna structure.
This measurement work helped establish safety guidelines for workers and the public around high-power broadcast facilities. Understanding actual field intensities was crucial for setting exposure limits and determining safe distances from transmission equipment.
FM broadcast antennas operate at much higher power levels than cell phones, creating significantly stronger RF fields in their vicinity. However, FM frequencies are lower than cell phone frequencies, and exposure decreases rapidly with distance.
FM broadcast stations transmit continuous, high-power signals at fixed locations, creating predictable but potentially intense exposure zones. Unlike mobile devices, these exposures affect anyone in the vicinity regardless of personal technology use.
Tower workers, broadcast technicians, and people living or working near FM transmission facilities should understand potential RF exposure levels. This information helps ensure appropriate safety precautions and compliance with exposure guidelines.