3,138 Studies Reviewed. 77.4% Found Biological Effects. The Evidence is Clear.

EMF Research by Source

Concerned about EMF from a specific device? Browse research relevant to your exposure. We've organized 8,002 studies by device and source.

Browse by Device

RF

Cell Phones

Research on electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones, including 2G, 3G, 4G LTE, and 5G NR signals.

1,326 studies
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RF

WiFi Routers

Research on electromagnetic radiation from WiFi networks operating at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands.

302 studies
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RF

5G / Cell Towers

Research on electromagnetic radiation from cellular base stations, including 5G millimeter wave and sub-6 GHz deployments.

1,404 studies
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RF

Bluetooth Devices

Research on electromagnetic radiation from Bluetooth devices including earbuds, headphones, and wearables.

274 studies
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RFELF Magnetic

Laptops

Research on electromagnetic radiation from laptop computers, combining RF emissions (WiFi, Bluetooth) and ELF magnetic fields from electronics.

1,772 studies
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RF

Smart Meters

Research on electromagnetic radiation from utility smart meters using RF communication.

1,014 studies
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RF

Baby Monitors

Research on electromagnetic radiation from wireless baby monitors, typically operating at DECT or WiFi frequencies.

196 studies
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RF

Cordless Phones (DECT)

Research on electromagnetic radiation from DECT cordless phones, which transmit continuously even when idle.

96 studies
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ELF Magnetic

Power Lines

Research on extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields from high-voltage transmission lines and distribution lines.

411 studies
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ELF MagneticELF Electric

Electrical Wiring

Research on ELF magnetic and electric fields from residential and commercial building wiring.

411 studies
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ELF Magnetic

Appliances

Research on ELF magnetic fields from household appliances like refrigerators, washing machines, and hair dryers.

411 studies
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StaticRF

MRI Machines

Research on electromagnetic fields from magnetic resonance imaging, combining strong static fields with RF pulses.

126 studies
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RF

Microwave Ovens

Research on electromagnetic radiation leakage from microwave ovens operating at 2.45 GHz.

259 studies
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Browse by Location

Explore EMF sources by where you encounter them - from your bedroom to your home office.

Personal Devices & Wearables

Research on EMF from devices you carry or wear daily - phones, earbuds, smartwatches, and laptops.

3 sources - 3,372 studies
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Home Network

Research on EMF from home networking equipment - WiFi routers, mesh systems, and smart meters.

2 sources - 1,316 studies
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Bedroom

Research on EMF sources commonly found in bedrooms - baby monitors, alarm clocks, and nearby wiring.

3 sources - 909 studies
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Home Office

Research on EMF in home office environments - laptops, WiFi, monitors, and printers.

3 sources - 2,348 studies
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Kitchen

Research on EMF from kitchen appliances - microwave ovens, refrigerators, and other appliances.

2 sources - 670 studies
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Outdoor / Infrastructure

Research on environmental EMF sources - cell towers, 5G small cells, power lines, and smart meters.

3 sources - 2,829 studies
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Medical

Research on EMF from medical imaging and therapeutic devices - MRI machines and other medical equipment.

1 sources - 126 studies
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Children's Exposure

Research relevant to EMF exposure in children - baby monitors, tablets, school WiFi, and wearables.

4 sources - 2,098 studies
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School / Classroom

Research on EMF in educational settings - WiFi networks, Chromebooks, and interactive whiteboards.

3 sources - 2,348 studies
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Nursery

Research on EMF sources in baby nurseries - baby monitors, night lights, and sound machines.

3 sources - 909 studies
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Whole Home

Research on EMF throughout the home - electrical wiring, smart home hubs, and WiFi coverage.

5 sources - 2,549 studies
Explore

How Source Matching Works

Studies are matched to sources based on the frequency of electromagnetic radiation used in the research. For example, studies using 900 MHz - 2.7 GHz are associated with cell phones, while studies at 50/60 Hz relate to power lines and household wiring.

Many studies fall into multiple source categories when they use frequencies that overlap different devices. A study at 2.4 GHz, for instance, could be relevant to WiFi, Bluetooth, and microwave ovens.

Each source page shows the total number of matching studies and key findings specific to that type of EMF exposure.