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Bektas H, Yildirim S, Cakir S, Dogu S, Altindag F

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Authors not listed · 2026

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Low-level 3.5 GHz radiation reduced testosterone and damaged testicular tissue in rats, with CoQ10 providing partial protection.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers exposed male rats to 3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to some 5G frequencies) for 2 hours daily over 30 days and found significant damage to reproductive hormones and sperm-producing tissues. The antioxidant supplement CoQ10 provided partial protection against these harmful effects. This suggests that even low-level exposure to certain wireless frequencies may impact male fertility.

Why This Matters

This study adds to mounting evidence that wireless radiation affects male reproductive health, even at exposure levels considered 'safe' by current standards. The 3.5 GHz frequency tested here is actively used in 5G networks worldwide, making these findings directly relevant to everyday exposure from cell towers and devices. What's particularly concerning is that the SAR levels used (0.17 W/kg whole-body) are well below regulatory limits, yet still produced measurable harm to testosterone production and testicular tissue. The partial protective effect of CoQ10 suggests oxidative stress as a key mechanism of damage. While the researchers appropriately note that GSM modulation differs from current 5G signals, the frequency overlap means we cannot dismiss these results. The reality is that millions of men are now exposed to similar frequencies daily, and this research suggests that exposure may be undermining reproductive health in ways we're only beginning to understand.

Exposure Information

A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 3.5 GHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 3.5 GHzPower lines50/60 HzCell phones~1 GHz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale

Specific exposure levels were not quantified in this study.

Cite This Study
Unknown (2026). Bektas H, Yildirim S, Cakir S, Dogu S, Altindag F.
Show BibTeX
@article{bektas_h_yildirim_s_cakir_s_dogu_s_altindag_f_ce4726,
  author = {Unknown},
  title = {Bektas H, Yildirim S, Cakir S, Dogu S, Altindag F},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1002/bem.70043},
  
}

Quick Questions About This Study

Yes, this study found that 30 days of 3.5 GHz exposure significantly reduced testosterone, LH, and FSH hormone levels in male rats, indicating impaired reproductive function even at low radiation levels.
CoQ10 supplementation provided partial protection, restoring testosterone levels and reducing testicular tissue damage from 3.5 GHz radiation exposure, though it didn't completely prevent all harmful effects.
A testis-specific SAR of just 0.027 W/kg caused significant reproductive harm. This is far below current safety limits, suggesting regulatory standards may not adequately protect reproductive health.
Significant hormonal changes and testicular tissue damage occurred after just 30 days of 2-hour daily exposures, indicating that reproductive effects can develop relatively quickly with regular exposure.
Yes, 3.5 GHz is a primary frequency band used globally for 5G networks, though the study used GSM modulation rather than current 5G signal formats, limiting direct comparisons.