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Whole Body / GeneralPart of the Glaser Archive

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF FIELDS OF THE SIEGE ARRAY

Not an original health-effects study

J. A. Martin · 1970

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A 1970 literature survey with computed induced voltages and currents found the RPG and Siege 1.2 pulses unlikely to produce serious effects, with the Siege II generator's effects less predictable.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

This 1970 technical memorandum evaluated the effects of large pulse fields from the Siege I.2 and Siege II generators on personnel in the vicinity of the Siege array. It surveyed the literature on heating and shock effects of electromagnetic fields and computed the voltages and currents induced in an average-size man. It concluded that the radiation does not appear to be hazardous based on established safety standards for high-frequency radiation power densities.

Why This Matters

This early technical memorandum, prepared for the Air Force Weapons Laboratory in 1970, evaluated the effects of large pulse fields produced by the Siege I.2 and Siege II generators on personnel near the Siege array. It surveyed literature on heating, which is associated primarily with frequencies above 10 MHz, and on shock, which is associated with low-frequency current flowing through the body, and it computed the voltages and currents induced in an average-size man. It found that the radiation does not appear to be hazardous based on established safety standards, with average power density levels for the RPG and Siege 1.2 generators well below the generally accepted safe level of 10 mW/cm2. The effects of voltages or currents induced by the Siege II generator are less predictable.

Figures from the Original Paper

Diagram extracted from the original research document.

chartPage 4 - AI-described figure: Figure 1 illustrates the attenuation function in brain material as a function of distance and frequency.
p. 4 of the original PDF

Exposure Details

Power Density
0.09 mW/cm2
Electric Field
100 kV/m

Exposure Context

This study used 0.09 mW/cm2 for radio frequency:

This study used 100 kV/m for electric fields:

Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextStudy Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 0.09 mW/cm2Extreme Concern - 1,000 µW/m²FCC Limit - 10M µW/m²Effects observed in the Extreme Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 11 times higher than this level
A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 0-80 MHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 0-80 MHzPower lines50/60 HzCell phones~1 GHzWiFi2.4 GHz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale

Study Details

To evaluate the effects of large pulse fields produced by the Siege I.2 and Siege II generators on personnel in the vicinity of the Siege array

Survey of available literature on biological effects of electromagnetic radiation; computation of vo...

The study found that the radiation produced by the Siege pulse generators does not appear to be haza...

The radiation produced by the Siege pulse generators does not appear to be hazardous based on established safety standards for high-frequency radiation power densities. The voltages and currents produced by the RPG and Siege 1.2 pulses will not produce serious effects, and it is doubtful that they will produce effects approaching the threshold of perception. The effects of voltages or currents induced by the Siege II generator are less predictable. However, the environment a few meters from the array should be no more severe than that reported for the high-voltage transmission line studies. There does not seem to be any real basis for expecting sensory or somatic effects from the Siege pulses.

Cite This Study
J. A. Martin (1970). BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF FIELDS OF THE SIEGE ARRAY.
Show BibTeX
@article{biological_effects_of_fields_of_the_siege_array_g4452,
  author = {J. A. Martin},
  title = {BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF FIELDS OF THE SIEGE ARRAY},
  year = {1970},
  
  
}
No DOI on file for this study.

Quick Questions About This Study

The Siege array was a system whose pulse generators (the RPG, Siege I.2 and Siege II) produced large pulse fields, and the memorandum evaluates their effects on personnel in the vicinity. It found that the voltages and currents from the RPG and Siege 1.2 pulses will not produce serious effects and are unlikely to approach the threshold of perception, while the effects of the Siege II generator are less predictable.
The memorandum was prepared for the Air Force Weapons Laboratory to evaluate the effects of large pulse fields from the Siege generators on personnel in the vicinity of the Siege array.
The memorandum found no real basis for expecting sensory or somatic effects from the Siege pulses. Voltages and currents from the RPG and Siege 1.2 pulses are unlikely to approach the threshold of perception, though the induced voltages directly under the array are large enough to produce sparks through or around the shoe sole. These conclusions rest on a literature survey and on computed voltages and currents induced in an average-size man.
This 1970 memorandum is a literature survey with computed induced voltages and currents. It concluded that the Siege pulses do not appear hazardous by established safety standards, and it is an evaluation of a specific pulse system rather than a study of modern wireless devices.
While the technical report indicates human subjects were studied, the specific population isn't detailed. Given the military-sounding nature of 'siege array' systems, it may have involved defense personnel or contractors as test subjects.