6,486 Studies Reviewed. 85.2% of Original Studies Found Biological Effects. The Evidence is Clear.
Shield Your Body
Brain & Nervous System

Cell Phone Generated Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field Effects on the Locomotor Behaviors of the Fishes Poecilia reticulata and Danio rerio.

Bioeffects Seen

Lee D, Lee J, Lee I. · 2015

View Original Abstract
Share:

Fed fish showed significant changes in population and velocity distributions under a cell phone-generated RF EMF, but angular distribution was unaffected.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers tracked the movement of 10 pairs of guppies and 15 pairs of zebrafish in a fish tank under a cell phone-generated RF EMF. Fish locomotion was observed under normal conditions, in the visual presence of a cell phone, after feeding, and under starvation. Fish locomotor behavior was random both in normal conditions and in the presence of an off-signaled cell phone, but there were significant changes in locomotion after feeding under the RF EMF. The researchers also demonstrated that temperature elevation caused by the cell phone was not relevant to the observed effects.

Why This Matters

The study analyzed spatial, velocity, turning angle, and sinuosity distributions of fish movement recorded in real-time. A time-series trajectory was used to capture the dynamic nature of the fish's locomotor behavior. The locomotion of fed fish was affected in terms of population and velocity distributions under the RF EMF, while angular distribution showed no significant difference.

Exposure Details

Magnetic Field
0.195, 0.088, 0.121, 0.045 and 0.053 mT
SAR
0.9 W/kg
Source/Device
1800 MHz
Exposure Duration
continuous for 3 minutes

Exposure Context

This study used 0.195, 0.088, 0.121, 0.045 and 0.053 mT for magnetic fields:

This study used 0.9 W/kg for SAR (device absorption):

Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextStudy Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 0.195, 0.088, 0.121, 0.045 and 0.053 mTExtreme Concern - 5 mGFCC Limit - 2,000 mGEffects observed in the Extreme Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 4 times higher than this level
A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 1.80 GHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 1.80 GHzPower lines50/60 Hz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale

Study Details

The locomotor behavior of small fish was characterized under a cell phone-generated radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF EMF).

The trajectory of movement of 10 pairs of guppy (Poecilia reticulate) and 15 pairs of Zebrafish (Dan...

We demonstrated that a cellular phone-induced temperature elevation was not relevant, and that our m...

The locomotion of the fed fish was affected in terms of changes in population and velocity distributions under the presence of the RF EMF emitted by the cell phone. There was, however, no significant difference in angular distribution.

Cite This Study
Lee D, Lee J, Lee I. (2015). Cell Phone Generated Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field Effects on the Locomotor Behaviors of the Fishes Poecilia reticulata and Danio rerio. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91 (10): 843-850.
Show BibTeX
@article{d_2015_cell_phone_generated_radio_119,
  author = {Lee D and Lee J and Lee I.},
  title = {Cell Phone Generated Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field Effects on the Locomotor Behaviors of the Fishes Poecilia reticulata and Danio rerio.},
  year = {2015},
  
  url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26073525/},
}
PubMed: 26073525

Cited By (7 papers)

Quick Questions About This Study

The study tracked 10 pairs of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and 15 pairs of zebrafish (Danio rerio).
Researchers demonstrated that temperature elevation caused by the cell phone was not relevant to the observed locomotor effects.
Fish locomotor behavior was random in normal conditions and when an off-signaled cell phone was present, with significant changes appearing only after feeding under the RF EMF.
Population and velocity distributions changed, but angular distribution showed no significant difference.