3,138 Studies Reviewed. 77.4% Found Biological Effects. The Evidence is Clear.

Foot currents and ankle SARs induced by dielectric heaters.

Bioeffects Seen

Conover DL, Moss CE, Murray WE, Edwards RM, Cox C, Grajewski B, Werren DM, Smith JM · 1992

View Original Abstract
Share:

Industrial workers near dielectric heaters experienced ankle energy absorption rates up to 176 W/kg, vastly exceeding typical EMF safety limits.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Workers operating industrial dielectric heaters showed dangerously high electromagnetic energy absorption in their ankles. Twenty-seven percent of these heating machines created electrical currents through workers' feet exceeding safety limits, with maximum energy absorption reaching 176 watts per kilogram in ankle tissue.

Why This Matters

This occupational health study reveals a critical gap in how we assess EMF safety. While most research focuses on whole-body or brain exposure, this work demonstrates that specific body parts can experience extremely high energy absorption rates even when overall exposure seems manageable. The ankle SAR of 176 W/kg found in some workers is extraordinarily high - for context, cell phone SAR limits are typically around 1.6-2 W/kg. What makes this particularly concerning is that these workers were simply doing their jobs, standing where they normally worked near industrial heating equipment. The reality is that occupational EMF exposures often involve near-field conditions where traditional safety calculations break down, creating localized absorption hot spots that current safety standards don't adequately address.

Exposure Details

SAR
5, 29,57, and 176 W/kg
Electric Field
10000, 2400000 V/m
Source/Device
6.5 to 65 MHz

Exposure Context

This study used 10000, 2400000 V/m for electric fields:

This study used 5, 29,57, and 176 W/kg for SAR (device absorption):

Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextA logarithmic scale showing exposure levels relative to Building Biology concern thresholds and regulatory limits.Study Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 5, 29,57, and 176 W/kgExtreme Concern0.1 W/kgFCC Limit1.6 W/kgEffects observed in the Extreme Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 0x higher than this exposure level

Study Details

The aim of this study is to investigate Foot currents and ankle SARs induced by dielectric heaters.

The determination of foot currents was based on near-field exposures in which reactive coupling domi...

Nearly 27 percent of the dielectric heaters induced foot currents that exceeded the 200-mA limit tha...

Cite This Study
Conover DL, Moss CE, Murray WE, Edwards RM, Cox C, Grajewski B, Werren DM, Smith JM (1992). Foot currents and ankle SARs induced by dielectric heaters. Bioelectromagnetics 13(2):103-110, 1992.
Show BibTeX
@article{dl_1992_foot_currents_and_ankle_910,
  author = {Conover DL and Moss CE and Murray WE and Edwards RM and Cox C and Grajewski B and Werren DM and Smith JM},
  title = {Foot currents and ankle SARs induced by dielectric heaters.},
  year = {1992},
  
  url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1590810/},
}

Quick Questions About This Study

Workers operating industrial dielectric heaters showed dangerously high electromagnetic energy absorption in their ankles. Twenty-seven percent of these heating machines created electrical currents through workers' feet exceeding safety limits, with maximum energy absorption reaching 176 watts per kilogram in ankle tissue.