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Note: This study found no significant biological effects under its experimental conditions. We include all studies for scientific completeness.

Immune System

Effects of Simultaneous Combined Exposure to CDMA and WCDMA Electromagnetic Field on Immune Functions in Rats

No Effects Found

Jin YB et al · 2012

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Combined CDMA and WCDMA exposure at 4.0 W/kg showed no immune effects in rats after 8 weeks.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers exposed rats to combined CDMA (849 MHz) and WCDMA (1.95 GHz) cell phone signals at high power levels for 8 weeks, testing multiple immune system markers. The study found no detectable effects on immune function, including blood cell counts, immune cell populations, or inflammatory proteins.

Exposure Information

A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 849 MHz and 1.95 GHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 849 MHz and 1.95 GHzPower lines50/60 Hz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale
Cite This Study
Jin YB et al (2012). Effects of Simultaneous Combined Exposure to CDMA and WCDMA Electromagnetic Field on Immune Functions in Rats.
Show BibTeX
@article{effects_of_simultaneous_combined_exposure_to_cdma_and_wcdma_electromagnetic_field_on_immune_functions_in_rats_ce1825,
  author = {Jin YB et al},
  title = {Effects of Simultaneous Combined Exposure to CDMA and WCDMA Electromagnetic Field on Immune Functions in Rats},
  year = {2012},
  doi = {10.3109/09553002.2012.711501},
  
}
DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.711501PubMed: 22788572

Quick Questions About This Study

This study found no detectable effects on immune function in rats exposed to both CDMA (849 MHz) and WCDMA (1.95 GHz) signals simultaneously at 4.0 W/kg total SAR for 8 weeks.
The total SAR was 4.0 W/kg (2.0 W/kg each for CDMA and WCDMA), which is 10 times higher than the 0.4 W/kg whole-body limit recommended for the general public.
Researchers examined blood cell counts, spleen immune cell populations, inflammatory proteins (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β), interferon gamma, and antibody levels (IgG and IgM) in blood serum.
Rats were exposed for 45 minutes per day, 5 days per week, for up to 8 weeks. Every 2 weeks, researchers examined 20 rats for immune system changes.
Yes, these frequencies represent common cell phone technologies. CDMA at 849 MHz was used in older 2G networks, while WCDMA at 1.95 GHz is a 3G frequency still in use today.