8,700 Studies Reviewed. 87.0% Found Biological Effects. The Evidence is Clear.
Shield Your Body

Note: This study found no significant biological effects under its experimental conditions. We include all studies for scientific completeness.

Immune System

Effects of Simultaneous Combined Exposure to CDMA and WCDMA Electromagnetic Field on Immune Functions in Rats

No Effects Found

Authors not listed · 2012

Share:

Combined CDMA and WCDMA exposure at high levels showed no immune effects in 8-week rat study.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Korean researchers exposed rats to both CDMA (849 MHz) and WCDMA (1.95 GHz) cell phone signals simultaneously for 8 weeks, using radiation levels twice as high as safety limits. They found no changes in immune system function, including white blood cell counts, immune cell activity, or inflammatory markers.

Exposure Information

A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 849 MHz and 1.95 GHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 849 MHz and 1.95 GHzPower lines50/60 Hz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale
Cite This Study
Unknown (2012). Effects of Simultaneous Combined Exposure to CDMA and WCDMA Electromagnetic Field on Immune Functions in Rats.
Show BibTeX
@article{effects_of_simultaneous_combined_exposure_to_cdma_and_wcdma_electromagnetic_field_on_immune_functions_in_rats_ce668,
  author = {Unknown},
  title = {Effects of Simultaneous Combined Exposure to CDMA and WCDMA Electromagnetic Field on Immune Functions in Rats},
  year = {2012},
  doi = {10.3109/09553002.2012.711501},
  
}
DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.711501PubMed: 22788572

Quick Questions About This Study

This 8-week rat study found no changes in immune parameters when animals were exposed to both 849 MHz CDMA and 1.95 GHz WCDMA signals simultaneously at 2.0 W/kg each for 45 minutes daily.
The total SAR was 4.0 W/kg, which is 10 times higher than ICNIRP's 0.4 W/kg whole-body limit for the general public and twice the 2.0 W/kg local exposure limit.
Scientists measured blood cell counts, immune cell populations in the spleen, inflammatory proteins (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β), immune signaling molecules (IFN-γ, TGF-β), and antibody levels (IgG, IgM) in blood serum.
These represent CDMA and WCDMA cell phone technologies that devices often use simultaneously. This was the first study to examine combined exposure effects rather than single frequencies in isolation.
Rats received 45 minutes of daily exposure, 5 days per week, for up to 8 weeks. Researchers examined immune effects every 2 weeks throughout the study period.