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ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS - Electromagnetic Radiation

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Benjamin G. Ferris, Jr. · 1966

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A 1966 New England Journal of Medicine article surveyed the clinical implications of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation, from sunlight and ultraviolet radiation to lasers.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

This 1966 review in the New England Journal of Medicine described the electromagnetic spectrum and its clinical implications, limited mainly to nonionizing forms of radiation. It covered the sun as the source of practically all electromagnetic energy reaching the earth, the biologic effects of ultraviolet radiation, and lasers, which it described as a special category of visible light.

Why This Matters

This 1966 review by Benjamin G. Ferris, Jr., of the Harvard School of Public Health places electromagnetic radiation on a single spectrum that includes microwaves, television and radio waves, heat, light and ultraviolet radiation. It notes that many of these forms are sensed or used every day, and that only the part of the spectrum with sufficiently high energies can cause ionization.

The review limits itself mainly to nonionizing radiation. Its coverage includes the biologic effects of ultraviolet radiation and the development of lasers, whose beams can reach enormous power densities.

Figures from the Original Paper

Diagram extracted from the original research document.

chartPage 4 - Figure 1. The Electromagnetic Spectrum.
Cite This Study
Benjamin G. Ferris, Jr. (1966). ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS - Electromagnetic Radiation.
Show BibTeX
@article{environmental_hazards_electromagnetic_radiation_g3890,
  author = {Benjamin G. Ferris and Jr.},
  title = {ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS - Electromagnetic Radiation},
  year = {1966},
  
  
}
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Quick Questions About This Study

The review focused mainly on nonionizing electromagnetic radiation, including sunlight, ultraviolet radiation and lasers. The characteristics of ionizing radiation were covered in another article in the series.
Benjamin G. Ferris, Jr., M.D., associate professor of environmental health and safety in the Division of Environmental Health and Safety at the Harvard School of Public Health. It appeared as a special article in the New England Journal of Medicine on Nov. 17, 1966.
Practically all the energy from the sun comes as electromagnetic radiation, amounting to 1.94 gm. calories per square centimeter per minute in the region of the earth. Slightly less than half of this energy actually reaches the earth's surface.
The review described lasers, or optical masers, as devices that can be considered a special category of visible light. Their beams are highly directional and can be focused to a spot whose diameter is close to 1 wavelength, so enormous power densities are possible.
They are a means by which energy is transmitted, they travel in straight lines at the speed of light, they can be bent or focused, and a given frequency times the wavelength for that frequency equals the speed of light.