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SAR / Device Absorption

Exposure assessment in front of a multi-band base station antenna.

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Kos B, Valič B, Kotnik T, Gajšek P. · 2011

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The highest frequency of 2100 MHz produced the highest spatial-peak SAR averaged over 10 g of tissue, while whole-body SAR was similar across all three frequencies.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers investigated occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in front of a multi-band base station antenna at 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz. The highest frequency of 2100 MHz resulted in the highest spatial-peak SAR averaged over 10 g of tissue, while whole-body SAR was similar at all three frequencies. At distances greater than 200 mm, whole-body SAR was the more limiting factor for compliance, while at shorter distances spatial-peak SAR may be more limiting.

Why This Matters

The finite-difference time-domain method was used to validate the antenna model against published measurements and then to investigate SAR in two anatomically correct human models at distances from 10 to 1000 mm. Special attention was given to simultaneous exposure to three frequencies, their interaction, and the additivity of SAR from each frequency. For combined exposure evaluation, a simple summation of spatial-peak SAR maxima at each frequency gave a good estimation, which depended on the distribution of transmitting power between frequency bands.

Exposure Information

A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 2.10 GHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 2.10 GHzPower lines50/60 Hz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale

Specific exposure levels were not quantified in this study. The study examined exposure from: 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz

Study Details

This study investigates occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in front of a multi-band base station antenna for mobile communications at 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz.

Finite-difference time-domain method was used to first validate the antenna model against measuremen...

The results show that the highest frequency--2100 MHz--results in the highest spatial-peak SAR avera...

Cite This Study
Kos B, Valič B, Kotnik T, Gajšek P. (2011). Exposure assessment in front of a multi-band base station antenna. Bioelectromagnetics. 32(3):234-242, 2011.
Show BibTeX
@article{b_2011_exposure_assessment_in_front_2304,
  author = {Kos B and Valič B and Kotnik T and Gajšek P.},
  title = {Exposure assessment in front of a multi-band base station antenna.},
  year = {2011},
  
  url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21365667/},
}
PubMed: 21365667

Cited By (10 papers)

Quick Questions About This Study

The study investigated exposure at 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz.
The highest frequency of 2100 MHz resulted in the highest spatial-peak SAR averaged over 10 g of tissue.
Whole-body SAR was similar at all three frequencies.
The finite-difference time-domain method was used to validate the antenna model against published measurements and to investigate SAR in two anatomically correct human models at distances from 10 to 1000 mm.
A simple summation of spatial-peak SAR maxima at each frequency gave a good estimation for combined exposure, which depended on the distribution of transmitting power between frequency bands.