Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Biological Research
L. M. Libber · 1970
Military research in 1970 already recognized the need to study ELF radiation's biological effects before mass deployment.
Plain English Summary
This 1970 research paper reviewed biological effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic radiation, particularly in relation to Project SANGUINE, the U.S. Navy's proposed submarine communication system. The study examined what was known about ELF radiation's impact on living organisms during early development of this massive military communication network.
Why This Matters
This research represents a pivotal moment in EMF science history. In 1970, the U.S. Navy was developing Project SANGUINE, which would have created the world's largest antenna system spanning thousands of square miles to communicate with submarines using ELF frequencies. The military needed to understand potential biological impacts before deployment. This timing is significant because it shows government awareness of EMF health concerns decades before widespread public discussion. The frequencies studied here (ELF range, typically 3-30 Hz) are similar to those emitted by power lines and electrical systems in every home today. What makes this particularly relevant is that military research often leads civilian applications by years or decades, meaning the biological effects identified in projects like this foreshadowed concerns we now face with everyday electrical infrastructure.
Exposure Information
Specific exposure levels were not quantified in this study.
Show BibTeX
@article{extremely_low_frequency_electromagnetic_radiation_biological_research_g6485,
author = {L. M. Libber},
title = {Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Biological Research},
year = {1970},
}