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Oxidative Stress147 citations

Protective effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester against retinal oxidative stress in long-term use of mobile phone: A comparative study.

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Ozguner F, Bardak Y, Comlekci S. · 2006

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In rats exposed to 900 MHz mobile-phone radiation, both melatonin and CAPE reduced retinal oxidative stress markers with similar overall effectiveness.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers compared how well melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) protected rat retinas from oxidative stress caused by exposure to 900 MHz mobile-phone radiation. Melatonin and CAPE were administered daily for 60 days to the rats prior to their EMR exposure. Retinal levels of the oxidative stress markers NO and MDA increased in EMR-exposed rats, while both melatonin and CAPE caused a significant reduction in those levels. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT) decreased in EMR-exposed animals, but both treatments significantly increased those activities.

Why This Matters

The study used nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as markers of retinal oxidative stress, and measured superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) to evaluate antioxidant status. Treatment with either melatonin or CAPE raised SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT activities to levels higher than those seen in control rats. Overall, the two antioxidants performed similarly, with no statistically significant difference between them, except that melatonin stimulated GSH-Px activity more efficiently than CAPE.

Exposure Details

SAR
0.016, 4 W/kg
Power Density
1.04 mW/cm²
Source/Device
900 MHz
Exposure Duration
30 min/day for 60 days

Exposure Context

This study used 1.04 mW/cm² for radio frequency:

Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextStudy Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 1.04 mW/cm²Extreme Concern - 1,000 µW/m²FCC Limit - 10M µW/m²Effects observed in the Extreme Concern range (Building Biology)This level is 1 times the FCC limit
A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 900 MHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 900 MHzPower lines50/60 Hz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale

Study Details

The present study was carried out to compare the efficacy of the protective effects of melatonin and CAPE against retinal oxidative stress due to long-term exposure to 900 MHz EMR emitting mobile phones.

Melatonin and CAPE were administered daily for 60 days to the rats prior to their EMR exposure durin...

Retinal levels of NO and MDA increased in EMR exposed rats while both melatonin and CAPE caused a si...

In conclusion, melatonin and CAPE reduce retinal oxidative stress after long-term exposure to 900 MHz emitting mobile phone. Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant difference between the efficacies of these two antioxidants against to EMR induced oxidative stress in rat retina. The difference was in only GSH-Px activity in rat retina. Melatonin stimulated the retinal GSH-Px activity more efficiently than CAPE did.

Cite This Study
Ozguner F, Bardak Y, Comlekci S. (2006). Protective effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester against retinal oxidative stress in long-term use of mobile phone: A comparative study. Mol Cell Biochem. 282(1-2):83-88, 2006.
Show BibTeX
@article{f_2006_protective_effects_of_melatonin_561,
  author = {Ozguner F and Bardak Y and Comlekci S.},
  title = {Protective effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester against retinal oxidative stress in long-term use of mobile phone: A comparative study.},
  year = {2006},
  doi = {10.1007/s11010-006-1267-0},
  url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11010-006-1267-0},
}
DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-1267-0

Cited By (147 papers)

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Quick Questions About This Study

Researchers measured nitric oxide (NO) as an oxidant product and malondialdehyde (MDA) as an index of lipid peroxidation as markers of retinal oxidative stress.
Retinal SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT activities decreased in EMR-exposed animals.
There was no statistically significant difference between the two antioxidants overall, though melatonin stimulated retinal GSH-Px activity more efficiently than CAPE.
Melatonin and CAPE were administered daily for 60 days to the rats prior to their EMR exposure.
The study used 900 MHz EMR from mobile phones.