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Male Reproductive and Cellular Damage After Prenatal 3.5 GHz Radiation Exposure: One-Year Postnatal Effects

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Gelenli Dolanbay E, Mert T, Caliskan Bender G, Bektas H, Uslu U, Fernandez- Rodriguez CE, Dasdag S · 2025

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Prenatal exposure to 3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation caused persistent testicular damage, impaired spermatogenesis, increased DNA damage, autophagy, and apoptosis in adult male rats.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Pregnant Wistar Hannover rats were divided into sham control, full-gestation exposure (3T RFR), and late-gestation exposure (2T RFR) groups with 2 hours of exposure per day. Male offspring were euthanized at 12 months for testicular analysis. In the full-gestation exposure group, seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelial height were significantly reduced compared to controls. Abnormal sperm morphology increased significantly in the full-gestation exposure group. DNA damage markers and apoptosis were elevated in both exposure groups compared to sham.

Exposure Information

A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 3.5 GHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 3.5 GHzPower lines50/60 HzCell phones~1 GHz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale

Specific exposure levels were not quantified in this study.

Cite This Study
Gelenli Dolanbay E, Mert T, Caliskan Bender G, Bektas H, Uslu U, Fernandez- Rodriguez CE, Dasdag S (2025). Male Reproductive and Cellular Damage After Prenatal 3.5 GHz Radiation Exposure: One-Year Postnatal Effects.
Show BibTeX
@article{gelenli_dolanbay_e_mert_t_caliskan_bender_g_bektas_h_uslu_u_fernandez_rodriguez_ce_dasdag_s_ce2785,
  author = {Gelenli Dolanbay E and Mert T and Caliskan Bender G and Bektas H and Uslu U and Fernandez- Rodriguez CE and Dasdag S},
  title = {Male Reproductive and Cellular Damage After Prenatal 3.5 GHz Radiation Exposure: One-Year Postnatal Effects},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.1111/nyas.70116},
  
}

Quick Questions About This Study

The study investigated prenatal exposure to 3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation. Pregnant rats were exposed for 2 hours per day during either full gestation or late gestation.
Male offspring were euthanized at 12 months of age for testicular analysis.
Seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelial height were reduced, Johnsen scores were lower, and abnormal sperm morphology increased in the full-gestation exposure group.
γ-H2AX immunostaining scores were elevated in both exposure groups, and TUNEL-positive cell counts and apoptosis index were significantly higher in both groups compared to sham.
All p values were Holm-Bonferroni corrected.