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Note: This study found no significant biological effects under its experimental conditions. We include all studies for scientific completeness.

Cancer & Tumors

Lymphoma development of simultaneously combined exposure to two radiofrequency signals in AKR/J mice.

No Effects Found

Lee HJ, Jin YB, Lee JS, Choi SY, Kim TH, Pack JK, Choi HD, Kim N, Lee YS. · 2011

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Combined cell phone signals at high exposure levels didn't increase lymphoma development in cancer-prone mice over 42 weeks.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers exposed mice genetically prone to lymphoma to combined cell phone signals (CDMA and WCDMA) for 45 minutes daily over 42 weeks at high exposure levels (4.0 W/kg total). The study found no difference in lymphoma development between exposed and unexposed mice, though there was an inconsistent pattern of brain metastasis in some exposed animals.

Why This Matters

This study provides important data on combined RF exposure effects, using exposure levels roughly four times higher than current safety limits for mobile devices. The researchers specifically chose AKR/J mice because they naturally develop lymphoma, making this a sensitive model for detecting any cancer-promoting effects. While the overall finding suggests no increased lymphoma risk, the inconsistent brain metastasis pattern deserves attention - even the researchers couldn't determine if exposure increased or decreased this effect. What this means for you: the study adds to evidence that RF exposure at these levels doesn't appear to initiate lymphoma, but questions remain about potential effects on cancer spread patterns once tumors develop.

Exposure Details

SAR
2,4 W/kg
Exposure Duration
45 min/day, 5 days/week, for a total of 42 weeks

Exposure Context

This study used 2,4 W/kg for SAR (device absorption):

Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextStudy Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 2,4 W/kgExtreme Concern - 0.1 W/kgFCC Limit - 1.6 W/kgEffects observed in the Extreme Concern range (Building Biology)This level is 1 times the FCC limit

Study Details

Here, carcinogenic effects of combined signal RF-EMFs on AKR/J mice, which were used for the lymphoma animal model, were investigated.

Six-week-old AKR/J mice were simultaneously exposed to two types of RF signals: single code division...

When we examined final survival, lymphoma incidence, and splenomegaly incidence, no differences were...

From the results, we suggested that simultaneous exposure to CDMA and WCDMA RF-EMFs did not affect lymphoma development in AKR/J mice.

Cite This Study
Lee HJ, Jin YB, Lee JS, Choi SY, Kim TH, Pack JK, Choi HD, Kim N, Lee YS. (2011). Lymphoma development of simultaneously combined exposure to two radiofrequency signals in AKR/J mice. Bioelectromagnetics. 32(6):485-492, 2011.
Show BibTeX
@article{hj_2011_lymphoma_development_of_simultaneously_3185,
  author = {Lee HJ and Jin YB and Lee JS and Choi SY and Kim TH and Pack JK and Choi HD and Kim N and Lee YS.},
  title = {Lymphoma development of simultaneously combined exposure to two radiofrequency signals in AKR/J mice.},
  year = {2011},
  
  url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21437920/},
}
PubMed: 21437920

Cited By (28 papers)

Quick Questions About This Study

A 2011 study found no increased lymphoma risk in mice exposed to combined CDMA and WCDMA signals at 4.0 W/kg for 45 minutes daily over 42 weeks. The research used mice genetically prone to lymphoma but found no difference in cancer development between exposed and unexposed animals.
Research showed inconsistent brain metastasis patterns in lymphoma-bearing mice exposed to 4.0 W/kg combined cell phone signals. While no consistent increase or decrease occurred, the pattern differed between exposed and unexposed mice, though liver, lung, and spleen metastasis remained unchanged.
Scientists exposed AKR/J mice to combined CDMA and WCDMA radiofrequency signals for 45 minutes daily over 42 weeks. This lengthy exposure period in genetically lymphoma-prone mice was designed to detect potential cancer-promoting effects from simultaneous cell phone signal exposure.
A 42-week study found that simultaneous CDMA and WCDMA radiofrequency exposure did not increase lymphoma development in prone mice compared to single signal studies. The combined exposure at 4.0 W/kg showed no significant cancer-promoting effects on survival or tumor incidence.
Researchers used a total specific absorption rate of 4.0 W/kg when exposing mice to combined CDMA and WCDMA signals. This high exposure level, delivered for 45 minutes daily over 42 weeks, represents significantly higher radiation than typical cell phone use in humans.