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Reproductive Health

Effect of 6 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field on the development of fetal bones

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Karamazı Y, Emre M, Uçar S, Aksoy G, Emre T, Tokuş M · 2024

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Rats exposed to 6 GHz RF-EMF during the prenatal period showed significant increases in bone development.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

The study used 20 female and 20 male Wistar Albino rats divided into four groups with different exposure patterns to 6 GHz RF-EMF at 0.054 W/kg. Rats were exposed for 4 hours per day for 6 weeks before mating, and pregnant rats in Group-II and Group-III were exposed for 4 hours per day for 18 days of gestation. Fetal weight, body lengths, and bone measurements all increased significantly in every exposure group compared with controls.

Why This Matters

Fetuses were collected on gestational day 18 and measured for weight and length. Bone development was assessed using double skeletal staining and the ImageJ program to assess ossification in the extremities. Occipital-frontal length was smallest in Group-I, while Group-II and Group-III were higher than the control group.

Exposure Information

A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 6 GHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 6 GHzPower lines50/60 HzCell phones~1 GHz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale

Specific exposure levels were not quantified in this study.

Cite This Study
Karamazı Y, Emre M, Uçar S, Aksoy G, Emre T, Tokuş M (2024). Effect of 6 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field on the development of fetal bones.
Show BibTeX
@article{karamaz_y_emre_m_uar_s_aksoy_g_emre_t_toku_m_ce3732,
  author = {Karamazı Y and Emre M and Uçar S and Aksoy G and Emre T and Tokuş M},
  title = {Effect of 6 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field on the development of fetal bones},
  year = {2024},
  doi = {10.1080/15368378.2024.2438608},
  
}
DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2024.2438608PubMed: 39692219

Quick Questions About This Study

The study used a 6 GHz RF-EMF with a specific absorption rate of 0.054 W/kg.
The study used a control group with no exposure, a group where only males were exposed, a group where both sexes were exposed, and a group where only females were exposed.
Fetal weight, body lengths, and bone length, ossification zone length, and ossification percentage all increased significantly in all exposure groups versus controls.
Fetuses were removed on the 18th day of gestation for measurement.
The skeletal system was examined with double skeletal staining and ossification in the extremities was assessed.