3,138 Studies Reviewed. 77.4% Found Biological Effects. The Evidence is Clear.

Electromagnetic millimeter waves increase the duration of anaesthesia caused by ketamine and chloral hydrate in mice.

Bioeffects Seen

Rojavin MA, Ziskin MC · 1997

View Original Abstract
Share:

Millimeter wave radiation at 61.22 GHz triggered opioid release in mouse brains, extending anesthesia duration by 50%.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers exposed anesthetized mice to millimeter wave radiation at 61.22 GHz and found it extended the duration of anesthesia by approximately 50%. The effect was blocked when mice were pretreated with naloxone (an opioid blocker), suggesting the radiation triggers the release of the body's natural opioids. This demonstrates that millimeter wave exposure can directly alter brain chemistry and nervous system function.

Why This Matters

This study reveals a concerning biological mechanism: millimeter wave radiation can directly manipulate brain chemistry by triggering endogenous opioid release. The 61.22 GHz frequency falls within the range used by emerging 5G networks and military applications. What makes this research particularly significant is the clear dose-response relationship and the clever use of naloxone to identify the specific biological pathway involved. The science demonstrates that these frequencies don't just heat tissue - they actively interfere with neurotransmitter systems that regulate pain, mood, and consciousness. While the exposure levels (420 W/kg SAR) exceed typical consumer device limits, they're within ranges possible from focused beams or multiple device exposure. This adds to growing evidence that millimeter waves have distinct biological effects beyond simple heating.

Exposure Details

SAR
420 W/kg
Power Density
15 µW/m²
Source/Device
61.22 GHz
Exposure Duration
15 min

Exposure Context

This study used 15 µW/m² for radio frequency:

This study used 420 W/kg for SAR (device absorption):

Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextA logarithmic scale showing exposure levels relative to Building Biology concern thresholds and regulatory limits.Study Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 15 µW/m²Extreme Concern1,000 uW/m2FCC Limit10M uW/m2Effects observed in the Severe Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 666,667x higher than this exposure level

Study Details

To investigate electromagnetic millimeter waves increase the duration of anaesthesia caused by ketamine and chloral hydrate in mice

BALB/c mice were injected i.p. with either ketamine 80 mg/kg or chloral hydrate 450 mg/kg. Anaesthet...

In combination with either of the anaesthetics used, mm waves increased the duration of anaesthesia ...

The data in this study indicates that exposure of mice to mm waves in vivo releases endogenous opioids or enhances the activity of opioid signalling pathway.

Cite This Study
Rojavin MA, Ziskin MC (1997). Electromagnetic millimeter waves increase the duration of anaesthesia caused by ketamine and chloral hydrate in mice. Int J Radiat Biol 72(4):475-480, 1997.
Show BibTeX
@article{ma_1997_electromagnetic_millimeter_waves_increase_1297,
  author = {Rojavin MA and Ziskin MC},
  title = {Electromagnetic millimeter waves increase the  duration of anaesthesia caused by ketamine and chloral hydrate in mice.},
  year = {1997},
  
  url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9343112/},
}

Quick Questions About This Study

Researchers exposed anesthetized mice to millimeter wave radiation at 61.22 GHz and found it extended the duration of anesthesia by approximately 50%. The effect was blocked when mice were pretreated with naloxone (an opioid blocker), suggesting the radiation triggers the release of the body's natural opioids. This demonstrates that millimeter wave exposure can directly alter brain chemistry and nervous system function.