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Measurement of power density from marine radar, DHEW Publication (FDA) 76-8004

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Peak DW, Conover DL, Herman WA, Shuping RE · 1975

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This 1975 FDA study measured marine radar power density to assess occupational exposure risks for maritime workers.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

This 1975 FDA government report measured power density levels from marine radar systems to assess occupational exposure risks for maritime workers. The study examined actual radar emissions to understand potential health impacts from prolonged exposure to these high-powered navigation systems. This research contributed to early efforts to establish safety guidelines for radar operators.

Why This Matters

This FDA report represents crucial early documentation of radar exposure levels in occupational settings, particularly relevant as marine radar systems operate at much higher power levels than typical consumer electronics. Maritime workers face prolonged, close-proximity exposure to radar emissions during their shifts, creating a unique occupational health scenario that deserves attention. The timing of this 1975 study is significant because it predates much of our current understanding of EMF health effects, yet it demonstrates early regulatory awareness of potential risks from high-powered radar systems.

What makes marine radar exposure particularly concerning is the combination of high power density and extended exposure duration. Unlike brief exposures from everyday devices, radar operators can face hours of exposure during their work shifts. The science demonstrates that occupational EMF exposures often exceed residential levels by orders of magnitude, making studies like this essential for protecting worker health.

Exposure Information

A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 9.33-9.5 GHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 9.33-9.5 GHzPower lines50/60 HzCell phones~1 GHzWiFi2.4 GHzLogarithmic scale

Specific exposure levels were not quantified in this study.

Study Details

To estimate the range and magnitude of microwave exposure from marine radar and to determine if theoretically calculated power densities, using manufacturer's nominal parameters, are comparable to experimentally measured power densities.

Measurements were made on small craft radar in the Miami-Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, and Mobile, Alabam...

Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5 present the results of empirical measurements and compare them with theoretical...

In general, the approximate power densities in the far fields of marine radar units may be computed using conventional antenna relationships and nominal manufacturers' specifications for the radar parameters. It is also clear, however, that significant variations from the computed values may occur. On the basis of measurements and computations, it seems unlikely that personnel would normally be exposed to average power densities approaching 1 W/cm2 due to the radiation from a small-craft radar having a rotating antenna. The American National Standards Institute has recommended that occupational exposure not exceed a power density of 10 mW/cm2 for 1 hour or more, nor an energy density of 1.0 W-hr/cm during any 0.1-hour period under normal environmental conditions. It seems unlikely that these levels of average exposure would be encountered under the cited conditions.

Cite This Study
Peak DW, Conover DL, Herman WA, Shuping RE (1975). Measurement of power density from marine radar, DHEW Publication (FDA) 76-8004.
Show BibTeX
@article{measurement_of_power_density_from_marine_radar_dhew_publication_fda_76_8004_g6341,
  author = {Peak DW and Conover DL and Herman WA and Shuping RE},
  title = {Measurement of power density from marine radar, DHEW Publication (FDA) 76-8004},
  year = {1975},
  
  
}
No DOI on file for this study.

Quick Questions About This Study

Marine radar systems operate at significantly higher power levels than consumer electronics, often in the kilowatt range. This 1975 FDA study specifically measured these power density levels to understand occupational exposure risks for maritime workers operating near these systems.
Marine radar exposure is orders of magnitude higher than typical consumer devices. While your phone operates at milliwatts, marine radar systems use kilowatts of power, creating much stronger electromagnetic fields that maritime workers encounter during their shifts.
The FDA recognized early concerns about occupational EMF exposure from high-powered radar systems. This 1975 study aimed to measure actual power density levels to establish baseline data for potential safety guidelines and worker protection measures.
Maritime workers face prolonged, close-proximity exposure to high-powered radar emissions during work shifts. Unlike brief consumer device exposure, radar operators can encounter these strong electromagnetic fields for hours at a time in confined ship environments.
Power density measurements from studies like this 1975 FDA report provide essential data for establishing occupational exposure limits. Understanding actual emission levels helps regulators set safety standards and recommend protective measures for maritime workers.