6,486 Studies Reviewed. 85.2% of Original Studies Found Biological Effects. The Evidence is Clear.

Note: This study found no significant biological effects under its experimental conditions. We include all studies for scientific completeness.

Microwave Lens Effects in Humans

No Effects Found

COL Budd Appleton, George C. McCrossan · 1972

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Military study found no cataract differences between high microwave-exposed personnel and controls in 1972.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Military researchers examined the eyes of personnel with the highest occupational microwave exposure levels alongside 135 unexposed controls, with examiners unaware of who had been exposed. They found no difference in lens abnormalities (cataracts, opacities, or other damage) between the two groups, concluding that chronic microwave exposure in military settings wasn't causing cataracts.

Why This Matters

This 1972 military study represents one of the earliest systematic investigations into microwave-induced cataracts, a concern that emerged after laboratory studies showed eye damage in animals exposed to high-intensity microwaves. The researchers used a rigorous double-blind design, examining military personnel with the heaviest occupational exposures available at the time. While the study found no evidence of cataract formation, it's important to understand the limitations. Military microwave exposures in 1972 were likely intermittent and at different frequencies than today's constant wireless exposures. Modern research has identified biological effects at much lower power levels than those considered safe in the 1970s. The reality is that our understanding of EMF bioeffects has evolved significantly, and what seemed harmless decades ago may warrant reconsideration given today's ubiquitous wireless environment and refined detection methods.

Cite This Study
COL Budd Appleton, George C. McCrossan (1972). Microwave Lens Effects in Humans.
Show BibTeX
@article{microwave_lens_effects_in_humans_g5935,
  author = {COL Budd Appleton and George C. McCrossan},
  title = {Microwave Lens Effects in Humans},
  year = {1972},
  
  
}
No DOI on file for this study.

Quick Questions About This Study

No, researchers found no statistical difference in lens abnormalities between military personnel with the highest occupational microwave exposures and unexposed control groups when examined using double-blind methodology.
The study included 135 control personnel who were examined alongside the microwave-exposed military workers, with examiners having no knowledge of each person's exposure history during examination.
Researchers used biomicroscopic examination to detect objective evidence of lens damage including opacities, vacuoles, and posterior subcapsular iridescence that could indicate microwave-induced cataract formation.
Yes, the examiners had no knowledge of any person's microwave exposure history before or during the eye examinations, ensuring unbiased assessment of lens abnormalities between exposed and control groups.
The study examined personnel with the highest microwave exposure levels encountered in military operational environments, though specific power densities or frequencies were not detailed in the available information.