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RADIOFREQUENCY and MICROWAVE RADIATION LEVELS RESULTING FROM MAN-MADE SOURCES in the WASHINGTON, D.C., AREA

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Stephen W. Smith, David G. Brown · 1971

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This 1971 government study documented early man-made electromagnetic pollution in Washington DC, establishing baseline measurements decades before today's wireless revolution.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

This 1971 government study measured radiofrequency and microwave radiation levels from man-made sources throughout the Washington DC area. The research documented the electromagnetic environment in the nation's capital, providing baseline measurements of RF and microwave exposure from various transmission sources. This early work helped establish understanding of urban electromagnetic pollution levels during the dawn of the wireless age.

Why This Matters

This government report represents a fascinating snapshot of America's electromagnetic landscape at a pivotal moment in history. In 1971, we were just beginning to understand that our cities were becoming saturated with man-made electromagnetic radiation from radio, television, and early microwave communication systems. The fact that government researchers were systematically measuring RF and microwave levels in Washington DC demonstrates early recognition that electromagnetic pollution was becoming a public health consideration worth monitoring.

What makes this study particularly significant is its timing. This was decades before cell phones, WiFi, or smart devices existed, yet researchers were already concerned enough about man-made electromagnetic radiation to conduct comprehensive measurements. The radiation levels documented in 1971 Washington DC would seem quaint compared to today's electromagnetic environment, where we're exposed to billions of times more radiofrequency radiation than our ancestors. This early baseline helps us understand just how dramatically our electromagnetic exposure has increased in the past five decades.

Finding

The peak ambient radiation originating from man-made RF sources at the 10 sites monitored in the Washington, D.C., area approached a maximum of 10-2 mW/cm2. This power density may be considered accurate to within 15 dB.

In their words

The peak ambient radiation originating from man-made RF sources at the 10 sites monitored in the Washington, D.C., area approached a maximum of 10-2 mW/cm2. This power density may be considered accurate to within 15 dB.

Exposure Information

A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 20 Hz to 10 GHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 20 Hz to 10 GHzCell phones~1 GHzWiFi2.4 GHz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale

Specific exposure levels were not quantified in this study. Duration: 20 hours total across 10 sites, with individual site monitoring varying from 8 to 37 hours

Study Details

To determine typical levels of radiofrequency and microwave radiation resulting from man-made sources in an urban environment

Mobile radiation monitoring equipment was used to measure man-made radiation levels from 20 Hz to 10...

The highest levels measured (approximately 10-2 mW/cm2) originated primarily from AM broadcast tower...

The peak ambient radiation originating from man-made RF sources at the 10 sites monitored in the Washington, D.C., area approached a maximum of 10-2 mW/cm2. This power density may be considered accurate to within 15 dB. If high-powered, low-duty-cycle, pulsed radar signals are considered abnormal and excluded from the totals, the maximum was more nearly 10-3 mW/cm2; and if one is concerned only with average exposure, the maximum would fall even lower. The average background thus is at least two to three orders of magnitude less than any published U.S. recommendation for exposure to RF radiation. Almost the entire power density measured at the monitored sites could be attributed to individual or a combination of commercial broadcasting and high-powered radar installations in close proximity to the test site (i.e., within 1 mile). It is recommended that no further broadband environmental surveys be carried out at this time unless prior calculations indicate their need. Individual AM and FM radio and VHF, UHF, and radar transmitters, however, should be closely monitored to determine exposure levels at populated sites in proximate areas.

Cite This Study
Stephen W. Smith, David G. Brown (1971). RADIOFREQUENCY and MICROWAVE RADIATION LEVELS RESULTING FROM MAN-MADE SOURCES in the WASHINGTON, D.C., AREA.
Show BibTeX
@article{radiofrequency_and_microwave_radiation_levels_resulting_from_man_made_sources_in_g6572,
  author = {Stephen W. Smith and David G. Brown},
  title = {RADIOFREQUENCY and MICROWAVE RADIATION LEVELS RESULTING FROM MAN-MADE SOURCES in the WASHINGTON, D.C., AREA},
  year = {1971},
  
  
}
No DOI on file for this study.

Quick Questions About This Study

In 1971, the main sources would have been AM/FM radio transmitters, television broadcast antennas, early microwave communication links, and military radar systems. This was decades before cell phones, WiFi, or modern wireless devices existed in the electromagnetic environment.
Government researchers recognized that man-made electromagnetic radiation was increasing in urban areas and wanted to establish baseline measurements. This early monitoring suggests awareness that electromagnetic pollution could become a public health consideration worth tracking systematically.
Today's electromagnetic environment contains billions of times more radiofrequency radiation than 1971. Modern sources like cell towers, WiFi networks, smartphones, and countless wireless devices create exposure levels that dwarf what researchers measured in the early wireless era.
This study captured America's electromagnetic environment at a crucial transition point, before the wireless revolution transformed our exposure levels. It provides invaluable baseline data showing how dramatically our electromagnetic pollution has increased over five decades.
Yes, early microwave communication systems, radar installations, and point-to-point transmission links were already operating in the DC area by 1971. However, these sources were far less numerous and powerful than today's ubiquitous microwave-frequency wireless devices.