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Brain & Nervous System

Repeated Head Exposures to a 5G-3.5 GHz Signal Do Not Alter Behavior but Modify Intracortical Gene Expression in Adult Male Mice

No Effects Found

Authors not listed · 2025

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5G radiation at 3.5 GHz altered brain gene expression in mice without obvious behavioral changes, revealing hidden biological effects.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers exposed mice to 5G signals at 3.5 GHz for six weeks, finding no changes in behavior, memory, or anxiety levels. However, the radiation did alter gene expression in brain cells, particularly affecting genes related to brain communication pathways. The study shows 5G can cause biological changes even when behavioral effects aren't obvious.

Exposure Information

A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 3.5 GHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 3.5 GHzPower lines50/60 HzCell phones~1 GHz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale
Cite This Study
Unknown (2025). Repeated Head Exposures to a 5G-3.5 GHz Signal Do Not Alter Behavior but Modify Intracortical Gene Expression in Adult Male Mice.
Show BibTeX
@article{repeated_head_exposures_to_a_5g_35_ghz_signal_do_not_alter_behavior_but_modify_intracortical_gene_expression_in_adult_male_mice_ce3326,
  author = {Unknown},
  title = {Repeated Head Exposures to a 5G-3.5 GHz Signal Do Not Alter Behavior but Modify Intracortical Gene Expression in Adult Male Mice},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.3390/ijms26062459},
  
}
DOI: 10.3390/ijms26062459PubMed: 40141104

Quick Questions About This Study

Yes, this study found that six weeks of 5G exposure at 3.5 GHz altered expression of nearly 1% of brain genes in mice, particularly those involved in neural communication, while causing no detectable changes in memory, anxiety, or movement behaviors.
The study showed asymmetrical effects: the right brain cortex (0.43 W/kg exposure) had different gene expression patterns than the left cortex (0.14 W/kg), with the higher-exposed side showing more mitochondrial gene changes, suggesting dose-dependent biological responses.
Yes, the higher-exposed brain region showed over-representation of altered genes from the mitochondrial genome. Mitochondria are cellular powerhouses, and their gene expression changes suggest 5G may affect cellular energy production in brain tissue.
The study's average brain exposure of 0.19 W/kg is below typical cell phone SAR limits (around 1.6-2.0 W/kg), yet still produced measurable biological effects, suggesting even relatively low 5G exposures can trigger cellular responses.
Yes, the study found over-representation of altered genes related to glutamatergic synapses. Glutamate is the brain's primary excitatory neurotransmitter, so changes in these pathways could potentially affect neural communication and brain function over time.