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SAR / Device Absorption

Proportion-corrected scaled voxel models for Japanese children and their application to the numerical dosimetry of specific absorption rate for frequencies from 30 MHz to 3 GHz

Not an original health-effects study

Nagaoka T, Kunieda E, Watanabe S · 2008

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Researchers developed voxel models of Japanese children aged 3, 5, and 7 years and calculated their specific absorption rates for plane wave exposures from 30 MHz to 3 GHz.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers used an existing Japanese adult voxel model and three-dimensional deformation to create models representing average-size Japanese children at 3, 5, and 7 years old. The models consist of cubic voxels 2 mm on each side segmented into 51 tissues and organs. They calculated whole-body-averaged and tissue-averaged specific absorption rates for the child models exposed to plane waves from 30 MHz to 3 GHz and compared the results with scaled down adult models. They also determined the incident electric-field strength needed to produce a whole-body-averaged SAR of 0.08 W kg(-1), the ICNIRP basic restriction for general public exposure.

Why This Matters

The development of high-resolution anatomical voxel models of children is difficult given, inter alia, ethical limitations on subjecting children to medical imaging. The adult model was deformed to match child proportions using measured dimensions of various body parts and a free-form deformation technique.

Exposure Details

SAR
0.08 W/kg
Source/Device
30 MHz to 3 GHz

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextStudy Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 0.08 W/kgExtreme Concern - 0.1 W/kgFCC Limit - 1.6 W/kgEffects observed in the Severe Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 20 times higher than this level
A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 30 MHz - 3 GHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 30 MHz - 3 GHzPower lines50/60 HzCell phones~1 GHzWiFi2.4 GHz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale

Study Details

The development of high-resolution anatomical voxel models of children is difficult given, inter alia, the ethical limitations on subjecting children to medical imaging. We instead used an existing voxel model of a Japanese adult and three-dimensional deformation to develop three voxel models that match the average body proportions of Japanese children at 3, 5 and 7 years old.

The adult model was deformed to match the proportions of a child by using the measured dimensions of...

Cite This Study
Nagaoka T, Kunieda E, Watanabe S (2008). Proportion-corrected scaled voxel models for Japanese children and their application to the numerical dosimetry of specific absorption rate for frequencies from 30 MHz to 3 GHz Phys Med Biol. 53(23):6695-6711, 2008.
Show BibTeX
@article{t_2008_proportioncorrected_scaled_voxel_models_1214,
  author = {Nagaoka T and Kunieda E and Watanabe S},
  title = {Proportion-corrected scaled voxel models for Japanese children and their application to the numerical dosimetry of specific absorption rate for frequencies from 30 MHz to 3 GHz},
  year = {2008},
  
  url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18997264/},
}
PubMed: 18997264

Cited By (99 papers)

View all 99 citing papers on Semantic Scholar

Quick Questions About This Study

Researchers deformed an existing Japanese adult voxel model using measured dimensions of children's body parts and a free-form deformation technique to match average body proportions at ages 3, 5, and 7 years.
The models consist of cubic voxels 2 mm on each side and are segmented into 51 tissues and organs.
The models were exposed to plane waves from 30 MHz to 3 GHz, and whole-body-averaged and tissue-averaged specific absorption rates were calculated.
The incident electric-field strength required to produce a whole-body-averaged SAR of 0.08 W kg(-1), the ICNIRP basic restriction for general public exposure, was determined.
High-resolution anatomical voxel models of children are difficult to develop given, inter alia, ethical limitations on subjecting children to medical imaging.