The effect of 900 and 1800MHz GSM-like radiofrequency irradiation and nicotine sulfate administration on the embryonic development of Xenopus laevis.
Boga A, Emre M, Sertdemir Y, Akillioglu K, Binokay S, Demirhan O. · 2014
View Original AbstractRadiofrequency radiation alone caused few anomalies in frog embryos, but combining it with nicotine sulfate produced dramatic abnormalities and death.
Plain English Summary
Researchers investigated the effects of GSM-like radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation and nicotine sulfate exposure on the embryonic development of Xenopus laevis (African clawed frogs). With the exception of the 1800 MHz exposure, radiofrequency radiation alone was not associated with dramatic developmental anomalies. The combined effects of radiofrequency radiation and nicotine sulfate on the embryos were more severe than the effect of either exposure alone.
Why This Matters
The study used Xenopus laevis embryos and examined them for teratogenic effects after radiofrequency radiation and nicotine sulfate were applied separately and together. Researchers described GSM-like radiofrequency radiation as not as harmful to the embryos as might have been expected. The results appear to suggest that the combined use of nicotine and cell phones might result in more pronounced detrimental effects on the health of smokers.
Exposure Details
- SAR
- 1 W/kg
- Source/Device
- 900 and 1800 MHz
- Exposure Duration
- 4, 6 and 8 hours
Exposure Context
This study used 1 W/kg for SAR (device absorption):
- 2.5x above the Building Biology guideline of 0.4 W/kg
Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.
Where This Falls on the Concern Scale
Study Details
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GSM-like radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF EMR) and nicotine sulfate (NS) exposure on Xenopus embryonic development.
The developmental effects of GSM-like RF-EMR (900–1800 MHz, at a SAR value of 1 W/kg and NS on Xenop...
With the exception of irradiation at 1800 MHz no dramatic developmental anomalies were observed in t...
In conclusion, the study results appear to suggest that the combined use of nicotine and cell phones might result in more pronounced detrimental effects on the health of smokers.
Show BibTeX
@article{a_2014_the_effect_of_900_866,
author = {Boga A and Emre M and Sertdemir Y and Akillioglu K and Binokay S and Demirhan O.},
title = {The effect of 900 and 1800MHz GSM-like radiofrequency irradiation and nicotine sulfate administration on the embryonic development of Xenopus laevis.},
year = {2014},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0147651314005752},
}