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THE ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES AT WAVELENGTHS OF ABOUT 1/10 METER

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Hartmuth, L. · 1954

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1954 measurements on blood, liver, muscle and fat showed the dielectric constant falling and conductivity rising at wavelengths below about 30 cm, attributed to polar molecules.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

This 1954 research measured dielectric constants and conductivities of biological substances at wavelengths of 9 to 180 cm, using a resonance method. The tissues measured were blood, liver, muscle and fat tissue. In all substances, below about 30 cm wavelength the dielectric constant decreased and the conductivity clearly increased, a dispersion attributed to polar molecules and, at least in blood and liver, essentially to the dispersion of water.

Why This Matters

This early research measured how biological substances conduct and store electrical energy in the decimeter-wave range, with wavelengths from 9 to 180 cm. A parallel-wire Lecher line was used for 40 to 180 cm and a coaxial arrangement for 9 to 40 cm, and the measurement errors are discussed in detail. The results for blood, liver (beef), muscle (beef) and fat tissue (beef) show conductivity increasing toward shorter waves below 120 cm wavelength, and the author concludes that the electrical material constants of biological substances vary with frequency because of their inhomogeneous structure and polar molecules.

Figures from the Original Paper

Diagrams extracted from the original research document.

diagramPage 3 - AI-described figure: Figure showing an arrangement for measurements using the resonance method.
p. 3 of the original PDF
diagramPage 5 - AI-described figure: Principle circuit diagram of a sender (Figure 2)
p. 5 of the original PDF
chartPage 7 - AI-described figure: Figure 4 illustrates the error Fe of DK in dependence on φ = 4πl/l and the error Δl/l as a parameter.
p. 7 of the original PDF
graphPage 8 - AI-described figure: A graph showing dielectric constant (ε) and conductivity (σ) of centrifuged bovine blood as a function of wavelength λ.
p. 8 of the original PDF
chartPage 9 - AI-described figure: Charts showing dielectric constant (ε) and conductivity (σ) as a function of wavelength for liver and muscle tissue from cattle.
p. 9 of the original PDF
chartPage 10 - AI-described figure: A chart showing ε and σ values for fat tissue (Rind) as a function of λ.
p. 10 of the original PDF

Study Details

Untersuchung der dielektrischen Eigenschaften biologischer Substanzen im Dezimeterwellen-Bereich

Messungen von Dielektrizitatskonstanten und Leitfahigkeit biologischer Substanzen im Bereich von 9 b...

Bei allen Substanzen konnte unterhalb etwa 30-cm Wellenliinge eine Abnahme der DK und vor allem eine...

Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daB die Dispersion der dielektrischen Eigenschaften biologischer Substanzen im Dezimeterwellenbereich auf die polaren Molekiile in den Substanzen zuriickzufuhren ist. Diese Dispersion wird zumindest bei Blut und Leber im wesentlichen durch die Dispersion des Wassers verursacht. Die Messungen zeigen, daB die elektrischen Materialkonstanten biologischer Substanzen in Abhiingigkeit von der Frequenz variieren und diese Variation auf die inhomogene Struktur der Substanzen und die polaren Molekiile zuriickzufuhren ist.

Cite This Study
Hartmuth, L. (1954). THE ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES AT WAVELENGTHS OF ABOUT 1/10 METER.
Show BibTeX
@article{the_electrical_characteristics_of_biological_substances_at_wavelengths_of_about__g4130,
  author = {Hartmuth and L.},
  title = {THE ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES AT WAVELENGTHS OF ABOUT 1/10 METER},
  year = {1954},
  
  
}
No DOI on file for this study.

Quick Questions About This Study

The research measured biological substances at wavelengths of 9 to 180 cm, the decimeter-wave range, using a resonance method.
Measurements covered blood, liver, muscle and fat tissue, with beef used for liver, muscle and fat tissue. Samples of blood or tissue pulp were placed in a measuring vessel connected into the line.
The study measured dielectric constants (DK) and conductivities of biological substances, which describe how they store electrical energy and conduct current.
Below about 30 cm wavelength, all substances showed a decrease in dielectric constant and a clear increase in conductivity. This dispersion is attributed to polar molecules, and for blood and liver it is essentially caused by the dispersion of water.
A resonance method was used: the sample in a measuring vessel was connected into the line, and the wavelength was tuned with a short-circuit slide. A Lecher line of parallel wires served for 40 to 180 cm wavelength and a concentric arrangement for 9 to 40 cm.