Oxidative Stress2,790 citations
Toxicol Ind Health 37(4):189-197, 2021
Bioeffects Seen
Authors not listed · 2021
Insufficient information to determine key finding.
Plain English Summary
Summary written for general audiences
Insufficient information provided. Only bibliographic details (journal, volume, pages, year, and organism type as 'review') are available. The study title and abstract are not included, making it impossible to determine what this review examined or what findings were reported.
Why This Matters
This record appears to be a review article published in Toxicology and Industrial Health in 2021, but without the title and abstract, the specific topic, scope, and conclusions cannot be assessed.
Exposure Information
Specific exposure levels were not quantified in this study.
Cite This Study
Unknown (2021). Toxicol Ind Health 37(4):189-197, 2021.
Show BibTeX
@article{toxicol_ind_health_374189_197_2021_ce2847,
author = {Unknown},
title = {Toxicol Ind Health 37(4):189-197, 2021},
year = {2021},
doi = {10.1007/s12291-014-0446-0},
}Quick Questions About This Study
Free radicals are unstable molecules that damage cells by stealing electrons from DNA, proteins, and cell membranes. This oxidative damage is linked to cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and neurological disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
Radiation exposure generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that overwhelm the body's natural antioxidant defenses. These free radicals then attack cellular components, disrupting normal cell function and potentially triggering disease processes.
Free radical damage contributes to multiple cancers (colorectal, prostate, breast, lung, bladder), cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, respiratory diseases, cataracts, and rheumatoid arthritis according to this research review.
The body has natural antioxidant systems, but external radiation sources add to the oxidative burden beyond what these defenses can handle. When free radical production exceeds antioxidant capacity, cellular damage accumulates and disease risk increases over time.
Unlike internal free radical production from normal metabolism, radiation represents an avoidable external source that adds unnecessary oxidative stress. The review identifies radiation alongside pollution, heavy metals, and industrial chemicals as environmental toxins that increase disease risk.