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Thermal and metabolic responsiveness of Japanese quail embryos following periodic exposure to 2,450 MHz microwaves.

Bioeffects Seen

Spiers DE, Baummer SC · 1991

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Microwave radiation accelerated quail embryo growth by up to 61% through heating effects, raising questions about wireless exposure during development.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Scientists exposed developing quail eggs to microwave radiation for 8 hours daily and found it accelerated embryo growth by 9-61% through heating effects. The faster development occurred without apparent abnormalities, demonstrating that microwave exposure can alter biological processes even when organisms seem normal.

Why This Matters

This study provides important insights into how microwave radiation affects developing organisms, using power densities (5-20 mW/cm²) that overlap with levels found near some wireless devices and cell towers. While the researchers framed their findings positively - noting no obvious abnormalities - the dramatic 61% increase in growth rate at higher exposures should give us pause. The reality is that accelerated development isn't necessarily healthy development, and this study only measured basic physiological markers, not subtle cellular or genetic changes that might emerge later. What this means for you is that developing organisms appear particularly sensitive to microwave radiation's heating effects, which has implications for pregnant women and children exposed to wireless devices.

Exposure Details

SAR
0.76 and 0.66 , 3.8 and 3.3 , 15.2 and 13.2 W/kg
Power Density
5 or 20 µW/m²
Source/Device
2,450 MHz
Exposure Duration
8 h/day

Exposure Context

This study used 5 or 20 µW/m² for radio frequency:

This study used 0.76 and 0.66 , 3.8 and 3.3 , 15.2 and 13.2 W/kg for SAR (device absorption):

Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextA logarithmic scale showing exposure levels relative to Building Biology concern thresholds and regulatory limits.Study Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 5 or 20 µW/m²Extreme Concern1,000 uW/m2FCC Limit10M uW/m2Effects observed in the Slight Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 2,000,000x higher than this exposure level

Study Details

Two studies were performed to determine if repeated exposure of the avian egg to microwaves can alter metabolism, temperature, and growth rate of embryos. Another aim was to supplement conventional heating with microwave heating and provide an optimal temperature for growth.

Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs were exposed from day 1 through 15 of incubation (8...

Repeated exposures to microwaves at 5 and 20 mW/cm2 at the same Ta (30 °C) increased wet-embryo mass...

Cite This Study
Spiers DE, Baummer SC (1991). Thermal and metabolic responsiveness of Japanese quail embryos following periodic exposure to 2,450 MHz microwaves. Bioelectromagnetics 12(4):225-239, 1991.
Show BibTeX
@article{de_1991_thermal_and_metabolic_responsiveness_1340,
  author = {Spiers DE and Baummer SC},
  title = {Thermal and metabolic responsiveness of Japanese quail embryos following periodic exposure to 2,450 MHz microwaves. },
  year = {1991},
  doi = {10.1002/bem.2250120404},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bem.2250120404},
}

Quick Questions About This Study

Scientists exposed developing quail eggs to microwave radiation for 8 hours daily and found it accelerated embryo growth by 9-61% through heating effects. The faster development occurred without apparent abnormalities, demonstrating that microwave exposure can alter biological processes even when organisms seem normal.