Note: This study found no significant biological effects under its experimental conditions. We include all studies for scientific completeness.
The lack of effects of nonthermal RF electromagnetic fields on the development of rat embryos grown in culture.
Klug S, Hetscher M, Giles S, Kohlsmann S, Kramer K, · 1997
View Original AbstractRat embryos showed no developmental harm from RF exposure up to 5.0 W/kg, levels exceeding typical cell phone emissions.
Plain English Summary
German researchers exposed developing rat embryos to radio frequency electromagnetic fields at various power levels for up to 36 hours to test whether EMF exposure during critical development stages causes birth defects or growth problems. The study found no significant effects on embryo development, growth, or cellular structure across all tested exposure levels, including levels far exceeding typical telecommunication device emissions. This suggests that RF fields at these intensities may not pose developmental risks during embryonic growth.
Study Details
The aim of this study is to investigate The lack of effects of nonthermal RF electromagnetic fields on the development of rat embryos grown in culture.
Rat embryos (9.5 days old) were exposed for up to 36 h to various radio frequency (RF) electric and ...
All these data have been taken as sets of different intermediate frequency (IF) amplitude modulation...
Show BibTeX
@article{s_1997_the_lack_of_effects_3149,
author = {Klug S and Hetscher M and Giles S and Kohlsmann S and Kramer K and},
title = {The lack of effects of nonthermal RF electromagnetic fields on the development of rat embryos grown in culture.},
year = {1997},
url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9365226/},
}