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Intraseptal microinjection of beta-funaltrexamine blocked a microwave-induced decrease of hippocampal cholinergic activity in the rat.

Bioeffects Seen

Lai H, Carino MA, Horita A, Guy AW, · 1994

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Acute 45-minute exposure to pulsed 2450-MHz microwaves decreased hippocampal cholinergic activity in rats, and septal microinjection of beta-funaltrexamine blocked this decrease.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers exposed rats to pulsed 2450-MHz microwaves for 45 minutes at a power density of 1 mW/cm2 with a whole body specific absorption rate of 0.6 W/kg. This exposure decreased cholinergic activity in the hippocampus as measured by sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake. Microinjection of beta-funaltrexamine (1 microgram) into the septum before exposure blocked the microwave-induced decrease.

Why This Matters

The authors concluded that mu-opioid receptors in the septum mediate the microwave-induced decrease in hippocampal cholinergic activity. They also stated that the findings support the hypothesis that microwaves at a whole body SAR of 0.6 W/kg can activate endogenous opioids in the brain.

Exposure Details

SAR
0.6 W/kg
Power Density
1 mW/cm²
Source/Device
2450 MHz
Exposure Duration
45 min

Exposure Context

This study used 1 mW/cm² for radio frequency:

This study used 0.6 W/kg for SAR (device absorption):

Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextStudy Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 1 mW/cm²Extreme Concern - 1,000 µW/m²FCC Limit - 10M µW/m²Effects observed in the Extreme Concern range (Building Biology)This level is 1 times the FCC limit
A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 2.45 GHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 2.45 GHzPower lines50/60 Hz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale

Study Details

The aim of this study is to observe Intraseptal microinjection of beta-funaltrexamine blocked a microwave-induced decrease of hippocampal cholinergic activity in the rat.

Acute (45 min) exposure to pulsed (2 microseconds pulse width, 500 pulses per second) 2450-MHz micro...

These data indicate that mu-opioid receptors in the septum mediate a microwave-induced decrease in cholinergic activity in the hippocampus and support our hypothesis that microwaves at a whole body SAR of 0.6 W/kg can activate endogenous opioids in the brain.

Cite This Study
Lai H, Carino MA, Horita A, Guy AW, (1994). Intraseptal microinjection of beta-funaltrexamine blocked a microwave-induced decrease of hippocampal cholinergic activity in the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 53(3):613-616, 1994.
Show BibTeX
@article{h_1994_intraseptal_microinjection_of_betafunaltrexamine_1137,
  author = {Lai H and Carino MA and Horita A and Guy AW and},
  title = {Intraseptal microinjection of beta-funaltrexamine blocked a microwave-induced decrease of hippocampal cholinergic activity in the rat.},
  year = {1994},
  
  url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8866962/},
}

Cited By (13 papers)

Quick Questions About This Study

Rats were exposed to pulsed 2450-MHz microwaves for 45 minutes at a power density of 1 mW/cm2 with a whole body specific absorption rate of 0.6 W/kg.
The exposure caused a decrease in cholinergic activity in the hippocampus as measured by sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake.
Microinjection of beta-funaltrexamine (1 microgram) into the septum before microwave exposure blocked the decrease in hippocampal cholinergic activity.
The authors concluded that mu-opioid receptors in the septum mediate the microwave-induced decrease in hippocampal cholinergic activity and that microwaves at a whole body SAR of 0.6 W/kg can activate endogenous opioids in the brain.
Beta-funaltrexamine (1 microgram) was microinjected into the septum before microwave exposure.