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Melatonin and N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone block 60-Hz magnetic field-induced DNA single and double strand breaks in rat brain cells.

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Lai H, Singh NP · 1997

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60-Hz magnetic fields caused DNA breaks in rat brain cells, but antioxidants completely blocked this damage.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers exposed rats to 60-Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as household electricity) and found that this exposure caused DNA breaks in brain cells. However, when the rats were given melatonin or another antioxidant compound before exposure, these protective substances completely blocked the DNA damage. This suggests that magnetic fields may damage DNA through free radical formation, and that antioxidants might offer protection.

Why This Matters

This study provides crucial evidence that extremely low frequency magnetic fields can directly damage DNA in brain tissue, and it reveals the likely mechanism behind this damage. The 0.5 mT exposure level used here is roughly 10 times stronger than typical household magnetic field exposures, but well within the range you might encounter near electrical appliances or power lines. What makes this research particularly significant is that it identifies free radical formation as the pathway through which magnetic fields cause DNA damage. The fact that both melatonin and PBN completely prevented the DNA breaks strongly supports this oxidative stress mechanism. This finding connects EMF research to decades of established science on how free radicals damage cells and DNA. While you shouldn't interpret this as medical advice to take melatonin, the research does suggest that maintaining good antioxidant status through diet and lifestyle may be one way to support your body's natural defenses against EMF exposure.

Exposure Details

Magnetic Field
0.5 mG
Source/Device
60-Hz
Exposure Duration
2 hours

Exposure Context

This study used 0.5 mG for magnetic fields:

Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextA logarithmic scale showing exposure levels relative to Building Biology concern thresholds and regulatory limits.Study Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 0.5 mGExtreme Concern5 mGFCC Limit2,000 mGEffects observed in the Slight Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 4,000x higher than this exposure level

Study Details

The present experiment was carried out to investigate whether treatment with melatonin and the spin-trap compound N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) could block the effect of magnetic fields on brain cell DNA.

Rats were injected with melatonin (1 mg/kg, sc) or PBN (100 mg/kg, ip) immediately before and after ...

We found that both drug treatments blocked the magnetic field-induced DNA single-and double-strand b...

Cite This Study
Lai H, Singh NP (1997). Melatonin and N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone block 60-Hz magnetic field-induced DNA single and double strand breaks in rat brain cells. J Pineal Res. 22(3):152-162, 1997.
Show BibTeX
@article{h_1997_melatonin_and_ntertbutylalphaphenylnitrone_block_404,
  author = {Lai H and Singh NP},
  title = {Melatonin and N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone block 60-Hz magnetic field-induced DNA single and double strand breaks in rat brain cells.},
  year = {1997},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1600-079X.1997.tb00317.x},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1600-079X.1997.tb00317.x},
}

Quick Questions About This Study

Researchers exposed rats to 60-Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as household electricity) and found that this exposure caused DNA breaks in brain cells. However, when the rats were given melatonin or another antioxidant compound before exposure, these protective substances completely blocked the DNA damage. This suggests that magnetic fields may damage DNA through free radical formation, and that antioxidants might offer protection.