3,138 Studies Reviewed. 77.4% Found Biological Effects. The Evidence is Clear.

Melatonin and a spin-trap compound block radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells.

Bioeffects Seen

Lai, H, Singh, NP, · 1997

View Original Abstract
Share:

RF radiation breaks DNA in brain cells through free radical formation, but antioxidants can block this damage completely.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers exposed rats to 2.45 GHz radiofrequency radiation (the same frequency used in microwave ovens and WiFi) for 2 hours and found it caused DNA strand breaks in brain cells. However, when they gave the rats either melatonin or a free radical scavenging compound before and after exposure, the DNA damage was completely blocked, suggesting that RF radiation damages DNA through free radical formation.

Why This Matters

This study provides crucial mechanistic evidence for how radiofrequency radiation damages living tissue. The fact that antioxidants completely prevented the DNA damage points to oxidative stress as the primary pathway - a finding that contradicts industry claims that RF radiation below heating thresholds is biologically inert. The exposure level used (SAR 1.2 W/kg) is within the range of modern cell phone use, making these findings directly relevant to human exposure. What makes this research particularly significant is that it demonstrates RF-induced DNA damage can be prevented through biological intervention, suggesting the damage occurs through well-understood cellular pathways rather than mysterious mechanisms. The science demonstrates that radiofrequency radiation creates free radicals that break DNA strands in brain tissue - damage that accumulates over time and potentially contributes to neurodegenerative disease and cancer risk.

Exposure Details

SAR
1.2 W/kg
Power Density
2 µW/m²
Source/Device
2.45 GHz
Exposure Duration
continuous for 2 h

Exposure Context

This study used 2 µW/m² for radio frequency:

This study used 1.2 W/kg for SAR (device absorption):

Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextA logarithmic scale showing exposure levels relative to Building Biology concern thresholds and regulatory limits.Study Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 2 µW/m²Extreme Concern1,000 uW/m2FCC Limit10M uW/m2Effects observed in the Slight Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 5,000,000x higher than this exposure level

Study Details

The aim of this study is to observe Melatonin and a spin-trap compound block radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells

Effects of in vivo microwave exposure on DNA strand breaks, a form of DNA damage, were investigated ...

we found that treatment of rats immediately before and after RFR exposure with either melatonin (1 m...

Data from this study could have important implications for the health effects of RFR exposure.

Cite This Study
Lai, H, Singh, NP, (1997). Melatonin and a spin-trap compound block radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells. Bioelectromagnetics 18(6):446-454, 1997.
Show BibTeX
@article{lai_1997_melatonin_and_a_spintrap_542,
  author = {Lai and H and Singh and NP and},
  title = {Melatonin and a spin-trap compound block radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells.},
  year = {1997},
  
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1997)18:6%3C446::AID-BEM7%3E3.0.CO;2-2},
}

Quick Questions About This Study

Researchers exposed rats to 2.45 GHz radiofrequency radiation (the same frequency used in microwave ovens and WiFi) for 2 hours and found it caused DNA strand breaks in brain cells. However, when they gave the rats either melatonin or a free radical scavenging compound before and after exposure, the DNA damage was completely blocked, suggesting that RF radiation damages DNA through free radical formation.