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Review of the evidence on the influence of Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz radiation on oxidative stress and its possible relationship with Alzheimer’s disease

Bioeffects Seen

Laván D, Argüelles N, Lluncor A, Huaman D, Moyano J, Ubillus J, Peña M, Paredes M, Hernández I, Guerra A, De La Cruz-Vargas J, Cruz V · 2025

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The study found that prolonged exposure to Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz radiation could exacerbate modification of key neurodegeneration genes such as GSK3B and APOE.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

The researchers indirectly analyzed the relationship between oxidative-stress-responsive genes after Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz exposure and genes linked to Alzheimer’s disease. They reported that prolonged exposure to this radiation could worsen the modification of key neurodegeneration genes such as GSK3B and APOE. The authors note that the link between wireless systems and Alzheimer’s disease remains inconclusive and requires further research.

Why This Matters

The authors state that there is currently no scientific consensus on whether 2.4 and 5 GHz Wi-Fi plays a crucial role in Alzheimer’s disease via oxidative stress. They emphasize that Alzheimer’s disease is multifactorial, arising from genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The paper cautions that the association should not be considered an established fact until solid and consistent evidence is available.

Exposure Information

A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 2.4 GHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 2.4 GHzPower lines50/60 Hz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale

Specific exposure levels were not quantified in this study.

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Cite This Study
Laván D, Argüelles N, Lluncor A, Huaman D, Moyano J, Ubillus J, Peña M, Paredes M, Hernández I, Guerra A, De La Cruz-Vargas J, Cruz V (2025). Review of the evidence on the influence of Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz radiation on oxidative stress and its possible relationship with Alzheimer’s disease.
Show BibTeX
@article{lavn_d_argelles_n_lluncor_a_huaman_d_moyano_j_ubillus_j_pea_m_paredes_m_hernndez_i_guerra_a_de_la_cruz_vargas_j_cruz_v_ce4822,
  author = {Laván D and Argüelles N and Lluncor A and Huaman D and Moyano J and Ubillus J and Peña M and Paredes M and Hernández I and Guerra A and De La Cruz-Vargas J and Cruz V},
  title = {Review of the evidence on the influence of Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz radiation on oxidative stress and its possible relationship with Alzheimer’s disease},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.3389/fneur.2025.1616435},
  
}

Quick Questions About This Study

The study examined the relationship between genes that respond to oxidative stress after Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz exposure and genes associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
Prolonged exposure to Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz radiation could exacerbate modification of key neurodegeneration genes such as GSK3B and APOE.
No, there is no scientific consensus; the association remains mixed and inconclusive.
They call for further exploration of the hypothesis to clarify the potential risks of electromagnetic radiation on neuronal health and Alzheimer’s progression.