3,138 Studies Reviewed. 77.4% Found Biological Effects. The Evidence is Clear.
Research Guide

WiFi in Schools: What Research Says About Children's Health

Based on 375 peer-reviewed studies

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Schools have rapidly adopted WiFi technology, exposing children to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields for 6-8 hours daily throughout their developmental years. This widespread exposure has prompted researchers to investigate potential health effects specific to children.

Children are not simply small adults when it comes to EMF exposure. Their skulls are thinner, their brain tissue has higher water content, and their nervous systems are still developing. These factors may make children more susceptible to any effects of RF-EMF exposure.

Here we examine the research on children, WiFi-frequency radiation, and health outcomes relevant to the school environment.

Key Research Findings

  • Children's brains absorb significantly more RF radiation than adult brains
  • Studies report effects on memory and attention in RF-exposed children
  • Cumulative exposure over school years raises unique considerations

Related Studies (375)

Transduction of the Geomagnetic Field as Evidenced from alpha-Band Activity in the Human Brain.

Wang CX et al. · 2019

Researchers exposed participants to Earth-strength magnetic fields while monitoring their brain activity with EEG. They discovered that specific magnetic field rotations caused measurable changes in brain waves (alpha oscillations), but only when the field was oriented as it naturally occurs in the Northern Hemisphere. This suggests humans possess an unconscious magnetic sensing ability similar to migratory animals.

Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on learning and memory abilities of STZ-induced dementia rats.

Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Cheing GL, Pan W. · 2019

Researchers exposed rats with chemically-induced dementia to pulsed magnetic fields (10 mT at 20 Hz) and found dramatic improvements in learning and memory abilities. The treated rats showed 66% faster escape times in maze tests and 55% shorter swimming distances compared to untreated dementia rats. The magnetic field exposure also increased expression of genes linked to brain growth and repair, suggesting the fields may help protect against cognitive decline.

A comparative study on influences of static electric field and power frequency electric field on cognition in mice.

Di G, Kim H, Xu Y, Kim J, Gu X. · 2019

Researchers exposed mice to extremely strong electric fields (35,000 volts per meter) for 49 days to compare how static fields versus power frequency fields affect learning and memory. They found that static electric fields had no effect on cognitive ability, while power frequency electric fields actually improved the mice's performance on memory tests after 33 days of exposure.

Effects of exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on spatial and passive avoidance learning and memory, anxiety-like behavior and oxidative stress in male rats.

Karimi SA, Salehi I, Shykhi T, Zare S, Komaki A. · 2019

Researchers exposed male rats to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) for 2 hours daily over 60 days at various intensities. They found that certain exposure levels improved memory retention and passive learning, but also increased anxiety-like behaviors and oxidative stress (cellular damage from unstable molecules). This suggests ELF-EMF exposure creates a complex mix of both beneficial and harmful effects on brain function.

Association between mobile phone use and depressed mood in Japanese adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

Ikeda K, Nakamura K. · 2018

Researchers studied nearly 2,800 Japanese high school students to see if heavy mobile phone use was linked to mood problems. Students using phones more than 33 hours per week showed significantly higher levels of depression, tension, and fatigue compared to lighter users. This suggests that excessive phone use may negatively impact teenagers' mental health.

Low Frequency Stimulation Reverses the Kindling-Induced Impairment of Learning and Memory in the Rat Passive-avoidance Test.

Esmaeilpour K et al. · 2018

Researchers studied whether low-frequency electrical stimulation (1 Hz) could help reverse memory problems caused by seizures in rats. They found that applying brief electrical stimulation treatments after seizures not only restored learning and memory abilities but also protected brain cells from seizure-related damage. This suggests that controlled electrical stimulation might offer a therapeutic approach for treating cognitive problems in epilepsy patients.

Electromagnetic radiation 2450 MHz exposure causes cognition deficit with mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in rats.

Gupta SK, Mesharam MK, Krishnamurthy S. · 2018

Researchers exposed rats to 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation (the frequency used by WiFi and microwave ovens) for one hour daily over 28 days and found significant cognitive impairment. The radiation damaged brain cell powerhouses called mitochondria, triggered cell death pathways, and disrupted the brain's chemical messaging system. This suggests that chronic exposure to common wireless frequencies may harm memory and thinking abilities through multiple biological mechanisms.

RKIP-Mediated NF-κB Signaling is involved in ELF-MF-mediated improvement in AD rat.

Zuo H, Liu X, Wang D, Li Y, Xu X, Peng R, Song T. · 2018

Chinese researchers exposed Alzheimer's rats to 50 Hz magnetic fields for 60 days and found improved memory and learning abilities. The exposure activated protective brain pathways that reduced inflammation and cognitive decline, suggesting electromagnetic fields might offer therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases.

Effect of weak combined static and extremely low-frequency alternating magnetic fields on spatial memory and brain amyloid-β in two animal models of Alzheimer's disease.

Bobkova NV et al. · 2018

Russian researchers exposed Alzheimer's mice to extremely weak magnetic fields for 4 hours daily over 10 days. The treatment reduced toxic brain plaques and improved memory in some mice, suggesting specific magnetic frequencies might help clear harmful proteins in early neurodegenerative diseases.

Spatial memory recovery in Alzheimer's rat model by electromagnetic field exposure.

Akbarnejad Z et al. · 2018

Researchers injected rats with Alzheimer's-causing proteins and then exposed them to magnetic fields (50 Hz at 10 milliTesla) for 14 days. The magnetic field exposure significantly improved memory and learning abilities in the Alzheimer's rats, as measured by maze tests. This suggests that certain electromagnetic fields might help protect brain function in neurodegenerative diseases.

Brain & Nervous SystemNo Effects Found

Effects of 1.8 GHz Radiofrequency Fields on the Emotional Behavior and Spatial Memory of Adolescent Mice.

Zhang JP et al. · 2017

Chinese researchers exposed adolescent mice to cell phone frequency radiation (1.8 GHz) for four weeks and tested their behavior and brain function. While the mice showed no changes in depression, memory, or brain structure, they did display increased anxiety-like behavior and had lower levels of key brain chemicals that regulate mood and brain activity. This suggests that radiofrequency exposure during adolescence may specifically affect anxiety responses in the developing brain.

Cancer & TumorsNo Effects Found

Analysis of mobile phone use among young patients with brain tumors in Japan.

Sato Y, Kojimahara N, Yamaguchi N · 2017

Japanese researchers analyzed mobile phone ownership among 82 young brain tumor patients (ages 6-18) and compared it to the general population. They found no difference in phone ownership rates between brain tumor patients and healthy children of the same age. The study suggests that mobile phone use was not associated with increased brain tumor risk in this young population.

Brain & Nervous SystemNo Effects Found

Neurodevelopment for the first three years following prenatal mobile phone use, radio frequency radiation and lead exposure.

Choi KH et al. · 2017

Researchers followed 1,198 mother-child pairs to examine whether mobile phone use during pregnancy affects children's brain development in their first three years. While they found no direct link between prenatal phone use and developmental delays, children whose mothers had both high lead exposure and heavy phone use showed increased risk of developmental problems. This suggests that RF radiation might amplify the harmful effects of other toxins during pregnancy.

Ten gigahertz microwave radiation impairs spatial memory, enzymes activity, and histopathology of developing mice brain.

Sharma A, Kesari KK, Saxena VK, Sisodia R · 2017

Researchers exposed young mice to 10 GHz microwave radiation (similar to frequencies used in radar and some wireless communications) for 2 hours daily over 15 days. The exposed mice showed impaired spatial memory, brain tissue damage, and disrupted brain chemistry both immediately after exposure and weeks later. This suggests that developing brains may be particularly vulnerable to microwave radiation effects that persist even after exposure ends.

Mobile phone use, school electromagnetic field levels and related symptoms: a cross-sectional survey among 2150 high school students in Izmir.

Durusoy R, Hassoy H, Özkurt A, Karababa AO. · 2017

Turkish researchers surveyed 2,150 high school students about their mobile phone use and measured electromagnetic field levels in their schools. Students who used mobile phones were 90% more likely to experience headaches, 78% more likely to report fatigue, and 53% more likely to have sleep problems compared to non-users. The study found clear dose-response relationships, meaning heavier phone use correlated with more frequent symptoms.

Maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and child behavioral problems in five birth cohorts.

Birks L et al. · 2017

Researchers analyzed data from 83,884 mother-child pairs across five countries to examine whether cell phone use during pregnancy affects children's behavior. They found that mothers who used cell phones more frequently during pregnancy were more likely to have children with hyperactivity and attention problems by ages 5-7. The study suggests prenatal EMF exposure may influence brain development, though the researchers acknowledge other factors could explain these connections.

Use of mobile and cordless phones and change in cognitive function: a prospective cohort analysis of Australian primary school children.

Bhatt CR et al. · 2017

Australian researchers followed 412 primary school children for up to 3 years to see if using mobile phones and cordless phones affected their thinking abilities. They found mixed results - increased mobile phone use was linked to some changes in cognitive performance, including faster response times on some tasks but slower response times on others. The researchers concluded there was limited evidence that phone use significantly impacts children's cognitive function.

Acute effects of the electromagnetic waves emitted by mobile phones on attention in emergency physicians.

Altuntas G et al. · 2017

Researchers exposed 30 emergency physicians to cell phone radiation (900-1800 MHz) for 15 minutes and tested their attention and concentration using standardized cognitive tests. Surprisingly, doctors exposed to the radiation actually performed better on selective attention tasks compared to those holding phones that were turned off. The study suggests short-term cell phone radiation exposure may temporarily enhance certain cognitive functions rather than impair them.

Deep Brain Magnetic Stimulation Promotes Neurogenesis and Restores Cholinergic Activity in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Zhen J, Qian Y, Fu J, Su R, An H, Wang W , Zheng Y, Wang X. · 2017

Researchers tested deep brain magnetic stimulation (a targeted magnetic field therapy) on mice genetically engineered to develop Alzheimer's disease. They found that the magnetic treatment improved the mice's learning and memory, promoted growth of new brain cells in the memory center, and restored important brain chemicals needed for cognitive function. This suggests magnetic field therapy might help protect against Alzheimer's-related brain damage.

Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Neurogenesis and Cognitive Behavior in an Experimental Model of Hippocampal Injury.

Sakhaie MH et al. · 2017

Researchers exposed mice with brain injury to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) and found the exposure enhanced spatial memory and learning abilities. The EMF exposure also increased the production of new brain cells (neurogenesis) in the hippocampus, the brain region crucial for memory formation. This suggests ELF-EMF might have therapeutic potential for treating neurodegenerative conditions by promoting brain cell regeneration.

Rats exposed to 2.45GHz of non-ionizing radiation exhibit behavioral changes with increased brain expression of apoptotic caspase 3.

Varghese R, Majumdar A, Kumar G, Shukla A. · 2017

Researchers exposed female rats to WiFi-frequency radiation (2.45GHz) for 4 hours daily over 45 days and found significant brain changes including memory problems, increased anxiety, and markers of brain cell death. The radiation also damaged the brain's natural antioxidant defenses and altered the structure of neurons that carry electrical signals. This study suggests that prolonged exposure to WiFi radiation at the frequency used by most wireless devices may harm brain function and structure.

Ten gigahertz microwave radiation impairs spatial memory, enzymes activity, and histopathology of developing mice brain.

Sharma A, Kesari KK, Saxena VK, Sisodia R. · 2017

Researchers exposed young mice to 10 GHz microwave radiation (similar to some WiFi and cellular frequencies) for 2 hours daily over 15 days and found significant damage to developing brains. The exposed mice showed impaired spatial memory, disrupted brain chemistry, and visible tissue damage in key brain regions including the hippocampus. These effects persisted weeks after exposure ended, suggesting the developing brain is particularly vulnerable to microwave radiation.

Effects of repeated restraint stress and WiFi signal exposure on behavior and oxidative stress in rats.

Othman H, Ammari M , Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. · 2017

Researchers exposed rats to WiFi signals for 2 hours daily over 20 days, with some rats also experiencing stress. WiFi exposure increased anxiety-like behavior and caused oxidative stress (cellular damage from free radicals) in the brain, with effects becoming worse when combined with stress. The study suggests that everyday WiFi exposure may affect brain chemistry and behavior, particularly in stressful situations.

Ten gigahertz microwave radiation impairs spatial memory, enzymes activity, and histopathology of developing mice brain

Sharma A, Kesari KK, Saxena VK, Sisodia R. · 2017

Researchers exposed developing mice to 10 GHz microwave radiation for 2 hours daily over 15 days and found significant damage to brain development. The exposed mice showed impaired spatial memory, altered brain chemistry, and visible tissue damage in key brain regions including the hippocampus. These effects persisted even weeks after the exposure ended, suggesting the developing brain is particularly vulnerable to microwave radiation.

Further Reading

For a comprehensive exploration of EMF health effects and practical protection strategies, explore these books by R Blank and Dr. Martin Blank.