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GSM 900 MHz microwave radiation affects embryo development of Japanese quails.

Bioeffects Seen

Tsybulin O, Sidorik E, Kyrylenko S, Henshel D, Yakymenko I. · 2012

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Cell phone radiation caused developmental changes in quail embryos at levels 500 times lower than typical phone use.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Japanese quail eggs exposed to 900 MHz cell phone radiation showed accelerated development and increased survival, but also higher oxidative stress in brain and liver tissue. The radiation was 500 times weaker than typical phone emissions, suggesting biological effects occur at very low exposure levels.

Why This Matters

This study demonstrates that developing embryos are remarkably sensitive to microwave radiation, showing measurable biological effects at power levels far below what regulatory agencies consider safe. The exposure level of 0.2 μW/cm² is extraordinarily low - roughly 500 times weaker than the radiation you'd receive holding a phone to your head during a call. Yet even at this minimal exposure, the researchers documented clear developmental changes and oxidative stress markers in brain and liver tissue. What makes this research particularly significant is that it challenges the industry narrative that only thermal effects matter. The scientists observed what they call a 'hormesis effect' - where low-dose radiation actually accelerated some aspects of development while simultaneously causing cellular damage through oxidative stress. This dual response pattern has profound implications for understanding how chronic, low-level EMF exposure might affect human development, particularly during the vulnerable embryonic and fetal stages when cellular division and differentiation are most active.

Exposure Details

Power Density
0.0002 µW/m²
Source/Device
900 MHz
Exposure Duration
38-hour

Exposure Context

This study used 0.0002 µW/m² for radio frequency:

Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextA logarithmic scale showing exposure levels relative to Building Biology concern thresholds and regulatory limits.Study Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 0.0002 µW/m²Extreme Concern1,000 uW/m2FCC Limit10M uW/m2Effects observed in the No Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 50,000,000,000x higher than this exposure level

Study Details

In this study, we aimed at elucidating the effects of MW emitted by a commercial model of GSM 900 MHz cell phone on embryo development in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) during both short and prolonged exposure.

For that, fresh fertilized eggs were irradiated during the first 38 h or 14 days of incubation by a ...

The irradiation led to a significant (p<0.001) increase in numbers of differentiated somites in 38-h...

We suggest that the facilitating effect of low doses of irradiation on embryo development can be explained by a hormesis effect induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Future studies need to be done to clarify this assumption.

Cite This Study
Tsybulin O, Sidorik E, Kyrylenko S, Henshel D, Yakymenko I. (2012). GSM 900 MHz microwave radiation affects embryo development of Japanese quails. Electromagn Biol Med. 31(1):75-86, 2012.
Show BibTeX
@article{o_2012_gsm_900_mhz_microwave_1385,
  author = {Tsybulin O and Sidorik E and Kyrylenko S and Henshel D and Yakymenko I.},
  title = {GSM 900 MHz microwave radiation affects embryo development of Japanese quails.},
  year = {2012},
  
  url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22268787/},
}

Quick Questions About This Study

Japanese quail eggs exposed to 900 MHz cell phone radiation showed accelerated development and increased survival, but also higher oxidative stress in brain and liver tissue. The radiation was 500 times weaker than typical phone emissions, suggesting biological effects occur at very low exposure levels.