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One-year, simultaneous combined exposure of CDMA and WCDMA radiofrequency electromagnetic fields to rats.

No Effects Found

Jin YB, Lee HJ, Seon Lee J, Pack JK, Kim N, Lee YS. · 2011

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One-year simultaneous exposure to CDMA and WCDMA radiofrequency fields at 2.0 W/kg each did not increase chronic illness in rats, though some blood parameters were altered.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers exposed two groups of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats to CDMA and WCDMA radiofrequency fields simultaneously at 2.0 W/kg each for 45 minutes per day, five days a week, for one year. No significant alteration in body weight was observed with the combined exposure. Total tumour incidence did not differ between exposed and sham-exposed animals. Most exposed rats showed no significant changes in urinalysis, haematology, blood biochemistry, or histopathology. However, some altered parameters in complete blood count and serum chemistry were seen in exposed rats.

Why This Matters

Mortality patterns in male and female rats were compared with gender-matched sham controls. The researchers concluded that the chronic exposure did not increase chronic illness in rats despite some altered blood parameters.

Exposure Details

SAR
2, 4 W/kg
Source/Device
849 MHz and 1.95 GHz
Exposure Duration
45 min/ day 5 days per week for a total of one year.

Exposure Context

This study used 2, 4 W/kg for SAR (device absorption):

Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextStudy Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 2, 4 W/kgExtreme Concern - 0.1 W/kgFCC Limit - 1.6 W/kgEffects observed in the Extreme Concern range (Building Biology)This level is 1 times the FCC limit
A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 849 MHz - 1.95 GHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 849 MHz - 1.95 GHzPower lines50/60 Hz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale

Study Details

We investigated whether one-year, long-term, simultaneous exposure to code division multiple access (CDMA; 849 MHz) and wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA; 1.95 GHz) radiofrequencies (RF) would induce chronic illness in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

Two groups of 40 SD rats (50% males and females in sham and exposed groups) were exposed to CDMA and...

The mortality patterns in male and female rats exposed to RF were compared with those found in gende...

Our results suggest that one-year chronic exposure to CDMA (849 MHz) and WCDMA (1.95 GHz) RF simultaneously at 2.0 W/kg for 45-min RF exposure periods (total, 4 W/kg) did not increase chronic illness in rats, although there were some altered parameters in the complete blood count and serum chemistry.

Cite This Study
Jin YB, Lee HJ, Seon Lee J, Pack JK, Kim N, Lee YS. (2011). One-year, simultaneous combined exposure of CDMA and WCDMA radiofrequency electromagnetic fields to rats. Int J Radiat Biol. 87(4):416-423, 2011.
Show BibTeX
@article{yb_2011_oneyear_simultaneous_combined_exposure_3116,
  author = {Jin YB and Lee HJ and Seon Lee J and Pack JK and Kim N and Lee YS.},
  title = {One-year, simultaneous combined exposure of CDMA and WCDMA radiofrequency electromagnetic fields to rats.},
  year = {2011},
  
  url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21171939/},
}
PubMed: 21171939

Cited By (26 papers)

Quick Questions About This Study

Two groups of 40 SD rats were exposed to CDMA and WCDMA RF simultaneously at 2.0 W/kg for 45 min/day (total 4.0 W/kg), 5 days per week for a total of one year.
No significant alteration in body weight was observed, and total tumour incidence did not differ between exposed and sham-exposed animals.
Most exposed rats showed no significant changes in urinalysis, haematology, blood biochemistry, or histopathology, although some altered parameters in complete blood count and serum chemistry were seen.
The researchers concluded that one-year chronic exposure to CDMA and WCDMA radiofrequency fields simultaneously did not increase chronic illness in rats, although there were some altered parameters in complete blood count and serum chemistry.