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Therapeutic approaches of melatonin in microwave radiations-induced oxidative stress-mediated toxicity on male fertility pattern of Wistar rats

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Meena R, Kumari K, Kumar J, Rajamani P, Verma HN, Kesari KK. · 2014

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Wi-Fi-level microwave radiation caused DNA damage in rat reproductive tissue after 45 days, suggesting everyday wireless exposures may harm fertility.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers exposed male rats to Wi-Fi frequency radiation (2.45 GHz) for 2 hours daily over 45 days, finding it damaged sperm DNA and caused oxidative stress in testicular tissue. The antioxidant melatonin prevented this damage, suggesting everyday microwave radiation may harm male fertility but antioxidants could provide protection.

Why This Matters

This study adds to growing evidence that radiofrequency radiation at power levels we encounter daily can cause biological harm. The exposure level used (0.21 mW/cm²) is well within the range of what you might experience from Wi-Fi routers, cell phones, or other wireless devices in your home or office. What makes this research particularly significant is that it demonstrates clear DNA damage in reproductive tissue after just 45 days of exposure. The fact that melatonin provided protection suggests the damage occurs through oxidative stress pathways, which aligns with hundreds of other studies showing similar mechanisms. While the protective effect of melatonin is encouraging, the real takeaway is that we shouldn't need antioxidant supplements to protect ourselves from everyday technology. The science demonstrates that current exposure guidelines, which only consider heating effects, fail to account for the biological damage occurring at much lower power levels.

Exposure Details

SAR
0.14 W/kg
Power Density
0.21 µW/m²
Source/Device
2.45 GHz
Exposure Duration
2 h a day for 45 days

Exposure Context

This study used 0.21 µW/m² for radio frequency:

Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextA logarithmic scale showing exposure levels relative to Building Biology concern thresholds and regulatory limits.Study Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 0.21 µW/m²Extreme Concern1,000 uW/m2FCC Limit10M uW/m2Effects observed in the Slight Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 47,619,048x higher than this exposure level

Study Details

Present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of melatonin (is well known antioxidant that protects DNA, lipids and proteins from free radical damage) against oxidative stress-mediated testicular impairment due to long-term exposure of MWs

For this, 70-day-old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): Sham exposed, Mel...

Result shows that melatonin prevent oxidative damage biochemically by significant increase (p < 0.00...

These results concluded that the melatonin has strong antioxidative potential against MW induced oxidative stress mediated DNA damage in testicular cells

Cite This Study
Meena R, Kumari K, Kumar J, Rajamani P, Verma HN, Kesari KK. (2014). Therapeutic approaches of melatonin in microwave radiations-induced oxidative stress-mediated toxicity on male fertility pattern of Wistar rats Electromagn Biol Med. 33(2):81-91, 2014.
Show BibTeX
@article{r_2014_therapeutic_approaches_of_melatonin_552,
  author = {Meena R and Kumari K and Kumar J and Rajamani P and Verma HN and Kesari KK.},
  title = {Therapeutic approaches of melatonin in microwave radiations-induced oxidative stress-mediated toxicity on male fertility pattern of Wistar rats},
  year = {2014},
  doi = {10.3109/15368378.2013.781035},
  url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15368378.2013.781035},
}

Quick Questions About This Study

Researchers exposed male rats to Wi-Fi frequency radiation (2.45 GHz) for 2 hours daily over 45 days, finding it damaged sperm DNA and caused oxidative stress in testicular tissue. The antioxidant melatonin prevented this damage, suggesting everyday microwave radiation may harm male fertility but antioxidants could provide protection.