3,138 Studies Reviewed. 77.4% Found Biological Effects. The Evidence is Clear.
Cellular Effects107 citations

Changes in cellular proteins due to environmental non-ionizing radiation. i. Heat-shock proteins.

Bioeffects Seen

Kwee S, Raskmark P, Velizarov P. · 2001

View Original Abstract
Share:

Cells show stress responses to RF radiation 400 times weaker than current safety limits, challenging heat-based protection standards.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers exposed human cells to extremely weak radiofrequency radiation (similar to cell phones) at levels 400 times below safety standards. They found that even this minimal exposure triggered the production of heat-shock proteins - cellular stress indicators that normally appear when cells are damaged or under threat. This demonstrates that biological effects can occur at radiation levels far below what regulators consider safe.

Why This Matters

This research reveals a fundamental problem with current EMF safety standards: they assume biological effects only occur when radiation heats tissue. The study shows cells responding to RF exposure at a specific absorption rate of just 2.1 mW/kg - roughly 400 times lower than the 2 watts per kilogram limit for cell phones. Heat-shock proteins are your cells' emergency response system, activated when they detect damage or stress. The fact that such weak fields can trigger this cellular alarm system suggests our safety standards may be missing important biological interactions. What makes this particularly concerning is that these protein changes occurred at normal body temperature, proving the effects aren't simply from heating. This adds to growing evidence that non-thermal biological effects deserve serious consideration in EMF safety assessments.

Exposure Details

SAR
0.0021 W/kg

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextA logarithmic scale showing exposure levels relative to Building Biology concern thresholds and regulatory limits.Study Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 0.0021 W/kgExtreme Concern0.1 W/kgFCC Limit1.6 W/kgEffects observed in the Slight Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 762x higher than this exposure level

Study Details

This paper describes the effect of weak microwave fields on the amounts of heat-shock proteins in cell cultures at various temperatures.

The field was generated by signal simulation of the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) of...

The heat-shock proteins Hsp-70 and Hsp-27 were detected by immuno-fluorescence. Higher amounts of Hs...

Cite This Study
Kwee S, Raskmark P, Velizarov P. (2001). Changes in cellular proteins due to environmental non-ionizing radiation. i. Heat-shock proteins. Electro- and Magnetobiology 20: 141-152, 2001.
Show BibTeX
@article{s_2001_changes_in_cellular_proteins_1126,
  author = {Kwee S and Raskmark P and Velizarov P.},
  title = {Changes in cellular proteins due to environmental non-ionizing radiation. i. Heat-shock proteins.},
  year = {2001},
  doi = {10.1081/JBC-100104139},
  url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1081/JBC-100104139?journalCode=iebm19},
}

Quick Questions About This Study

Researchers exposed human cells to extremely weak radiofrequency radiation (similar to cell phones) at levels 400 times below safety standards. They found that even this minimal exposure triggered the production of heat-shock proteins - cellular stress indicators that normally appear when cells are damaged or under threat. This demonstrates that biological effects can occur at radiation levels far below what regulators consider safe.