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The effects of single and repeated exposure to 2.45 GHz radiofrequency fields on c-Fos protein expression in the paraventricular nucleus of rat hypothalamus.

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Jorge-Mora T, Misa-Agustiño MJ, Rodríguez-González JA, Jorge-Barreiro FJ, Ares-Pena FJ, López-Martín E. · 2011

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WiFi-frequency radiation triggers significant brain stress responses in the hypothalamus at non-heating power levels, with repeated exposure doubling the effect.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Spanish researchers exposed rats to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (the same frequency as WiFi and microwave ovens) and measured brain activity in a region called the hypothalamus that controls stress responses. They found that both single and repeated exposures triggered significant increases in cellular activation markers, with repeated exposure causing more than double the brain activity compared to unexposed animals. The effects occurred at power levels that didn't heat tissue, suggesting the brain responds to microwave radiation through non-thermal mechanisms.

Why This Matters

This study adds to mounting evidence that microwave radiation affects brain function at power levels well below those that cause heating. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus is particularly significant because it's your brain's stress control center, regulating everything from hormone release to your fight-or-flight response. What makes this research especially relevant is that 2.45 GHz is the exact frequency used by WiFi routers, Bluetooth devices, and microwave ovens in your home. The finding that repeated exposure caused more than double the brain activation compared to single exposure suggests cumulative effects may be more significant than previously understood. The science demonstrates that your brain tissue is responding to everyday wireless radiation in measurable ways, even when the exposure doesn't generate heat.

Exposure Information

Specific exposure levels were not quantified in this study. The study examined exposure from: 2.45 GHz Duration: Ten times in 2 weeks

Study Details

This study investigated the effects of microwave radiation on the PVN of the hypothalamus, extracted from rat brains.

Expression of c-Fos was used to study the pattern of cellular activation in rats exposed once or rep...

High SAR triggered an increase of the c-Fos marker 90 min or 24 h after radiation, and low SAR resul...

The results suggest that PVN is sensitive to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at non-thermal SAR levels.

Cite This Study
Jorge-Mora T, Misa-Agustiño MJ, Rodríguez-González JA, Jorge-Barreiro FJ, Ares-Pena FJ, López-Martín E. (2011). The effects of single and repeated exposure to 2.45 GHz radiofrequency fields on c-Fos protein expression in the paraventricular nucleus of rat hypothalamus. Neurochem Res. 36(12):2322-2332, 2011.
Show BibTeX
@article{t_2011_the_effects_of_single_2245,
  author = {Jorge-Mora T and Misa-Agustiño MJ and Rodríguez-González JA and Jorge-Barreiro FJ and Ares-Pena FJ and López-Martín E.},
  title = {The effects of single and repeated exposure to 2.45 GHz radiofrequency fields on c-Fos protein expression in the paraventricular nucleus of rat hypothalamus.},
  year = {2011},
  
  url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51549207_The_Effects_of_Single_and_Repeated_Exposure_to_245_GHz_Radiofrequency_Fields_on_c-Fos_Protein_Expression_in_the_Paraventricular_Nucleus_of_Rat_Hypothalamus},
}

Quick Questions About This Study

Spanish researchers exposed rats to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (the same frequency as WiFi and microwave ovens) and measured brain activity in a region called the hypothalamus that controls stress responses. They found that both single and repeated exposures triggered significant increases in cellular activation markers, with repeated exposure causing more than double the brain activity compared to unexposed animals. The effects occurred at power levels that didn't heat tissue, suggesting the brain responds to microwave radiation through non-thermal mechanisms.