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THE EFFECT OF MICROWAVE IRRADIATION ON THE TURNOVER RATE OF SEROTONIN AND NOREPINEPHRINE AND THE EFFECT ON MONOAMINE METABOLIZING ENZYMES

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Solomon H. Snyder · 1971

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1971 research investigated whether microwave radiation disrupts brain neurotransmitters that control mood, sleep, and stress responses.

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This 1971 research investigated how microwave radiation affects brain chemicals like serotonin and norepinephrine, which regulate mood, sleep, and stress responses. The study examined whether microwaves alter how quickly these neurotransmitters are produced and broken down, along with effects on the enzymes that metabolize them. This early work explored potential neurological impacts of microwave exposure decades before widespread wireless device use.

Why This Matters

This pioneering 1971 study represents some of the earliest scientific investigation into how microwave radiation affects brain chemistry. The researchers focused on serotonin and norepinephrine, neurotransmitters that control everything from mood and anxiety to sleep patterns and stress responses. What makes this particularly relevant today is that these are the same frequencies we're now exposed to daily through WiFi, cell phones, and other wireless devices.

The fact that scientists were investigating neurochemical effects of microwaves over 50 years ago underscores how long we've known about potential biological impacts. Yet regulatory agencies continue to focus primarily on heating effects, largely ignoring the growing body of research on non-thermal biological mechanisms. The reality is that your brain's delicate chemical balance could be influenced by the same microwave frequencies that power your wireless devices.

Exposure Information

A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 3.46 GHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 3.46 GHzPower lines50/60 HzCell phones~1 GHz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale

Specific exposure levels were not quantified in this study. Duration: 8 hours/day for 7 days

Study Details

To detect neurochemical alterations in laboratory animals exposed to microwave irradiation at low levels (10 mW/cm²) and to examine the effects on serotonin and norepinephrine turnover rates and related enzymes.

Male rats (150-250 g) were maintained in individual lucite cubicles (5" x 5" x 10") in which air hol...

Acute effects of microwave irradiation: One hour's irradiation of 200 g male rats at a power level o...

This investigation has been concerned with the effect of microwave irradiation on the turnover rate of serotonin and norepinephrine in rat brain. There is evidence that microwave irradiation at low levels produces in humans and experimental animals somnolence and irritability. Since the serotonin neuronal system in the brain is known to participate in the regulation of sleep and level of attention, and since brain norepinephrine has been implicated as playing a role in central stimulation, the turnover of these two amines were examined. When rats were acutely exposed for 1 hour to microwave irradiation at 40 nW/cm² there was a significant acceleration of serotonin turnover. Since the body temperature of these animals was elevated by about 3°C, it is possible that this was an effect of "heat stress", a procedure which is known to increase the rate of serotonin turnover. The most striking results of the study were obtained when rats were exposed to low levels (10 nW/cm²) microwave irradiation 8 hours a day for 7 days and were sacrificed 1 day following the last day of microwave exposure. Under these conditions, at the time serotonin turnover was estimated rats had a normal body temperature and showed no apparent behavioral abnormalities. Nonetheless there was a dramatic slowing of serotonin turnover to a rate of 1/4 that of control animals treated identically except for the absence of microwave exposure. This marked decrease in serotonin turnover is the most pronounced effect on the turnover rate of this amine that has been reported following any drug or other treatment to our knowledge. Since serotonin turnover rates presumably reflect the firing rate of the serotonin neurons, this result suggests that the firing of serotonin neurons in the brain is markedly slowed following chronic low level microwave irradiation. Results suggest also that measurement of serotonin turnover is a sensitive tool for detecting effects of low levels of microwave irradiation on brain function.

Cite This Study
Solomon H. Snyder (1971). THE EFFECT OF MICROWAVE IRRADIATION ON THE TURNOVER RATE OF SEROTONIN AND NOREPINEPHRINE AND THE EFFECT ON MONOAMINE METABOLIZING ENZYMES.
Show BibTeX
@article{the_effect_of_microwave_irradiation_on_the_turnover_rate_of_serotonin_and_norepi_g6818,
  author = {Solomon H. Snyder},
  title = {THE EFFECT OF MICROWAVE IRRADIATION ON THE TURNOVER RATE OF SEROTONIN AND NOREPINEPHRINE AND THE EFFECT ON MONOAMINE METABOLIZING ENZYMES},
  year = {1971},
  
  
}
No DOI on file for this study.

Quick Questions About This Study

The study examined serotonin and norepinephrine, two critical neurotransmitters that regulate mood, sleep patterns, stress responses, and overall mental well-being. Researchers investigated whether microwave radiation could alter how these brain chemicals are produced and metabolized.
This early research recognized that microwave radiation might affect brain chemistry through non-heating mechanisms. Scientists wanted to understand whether microwaves could disrupt the delicate balance of neurotransmitters that control mood, behavior, and neurological function.
These are specialized enzymes that break down neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. The 1971 study investigated whether microwave exposure could interfere with these enzymes, potentially disrupting normal brain chemical balance.
Turnover rate measures how quickly neurotransmitters are produced, used, and broken down in the brain. The study examined whether microwave radiation could speed up or slow down this process, potentially affecting mood and neurological function.
This represents some of the earliest scientific investigation into non-thermal biological effects of microwave radiation on brain chemistry. It preceded widespread wireless device use by decades, showing early scientific awareness of potential neurological impacts.