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In vivo analysis of THz wave irradiation induced acute inflammatory response in skin by laser-scanning confocal microscopy.

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Hwang Y, Ahn J, Mun J, Bae S, Jeong YU, Vinokurov NA, Kim P. · 2014

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THz radiation triggered massive skin inflammation in 30 minutes without heating, proving EMF causes non-thermal biological effects.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers exposed mouse ear skin to terahertz (THz) radiation at 2.7 THz frequency for 30 minutes and monitored the immune response using advanced microscopy. They found that THz exposure triggered a massive inflammatory response, with immune cells called neutrophils flooding into the exposed skin area within 6 hours. Importantly, this inflammatory reaction occurred without any detectable heating of the skin, suggesting the radiation caused biological effects through non-thermal mechanisms.

Why This Matters

This study provides compelling evidence that terahertz radiation can trigger significant biological responses in living tissue without causing measurable heating. The massive neutrophil infiltration observed represents a clear inflammatory response that could have implications for tissue health and healing. While THz frequencies aren't commonly encountered in everyday consumer devices, they're increasingly used in airport security scanners and emerging medical imaging applications. The research demonstrates that even relatively brief exposures can provoke substantial immune system activation through non-thermal pathways. This adds to the growing body of evidence showing that EMF bioeffects extend far beyond simple tissue heating, challenging the adequacy of current safety standards that focus primarily on thermal effects.

Exposure Details

Power Density
260 µW/m²
Source/Device
2.7 THz, 3Hz repetition
Exposure Duration
30 minutes

Exposure Context

This study used 260 µW/m² for radio frequency:

Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextA logarithmic scale showing exposure levels relative to Building Biology concern thresholds and regulatory limits.Study Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 260 µW/m²Extreme Concern1,000 uW/m2FCC Limit10M uW/m2Effects observed in the Severe Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 38,462x higher than this exposure level

Study Details

In this study, an acute inflammatory response caused by pulsed THz wave irradiation on the skin of a live mouse was analyzed at the cellular level using intravital laser-scanning confocal microscopy.

Pulsed THz wave (2.7 THz, 4 μs pulsewidth, 61.4 μJ per pulse, 3Hz repetition), generated using compa...

In contrast to in vitro analysis using cultured cells at similar power levels of CW THz wave irradia...

Cite This Study
Hwang Y, Ahn J, Mun J, Bae S, Jeong YU, Vinokurov NA, Kim P. (2014). In vivo analysis of THz wave irradiation induced acute inflammatory response in skin by laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Opt Express. 22(10):11465-11475, 2014.
Show BibTeX
@article{y_2014_in_vivo_analysis_of_1039,
  author = {Hwang Y and Ahn J and Mun J and Bae S and Jeong YU and Vinokurov NA and Kim P.},
  title = {In vivo analysis of THz wave irradiation induced acute inflammatory response in skin by laser-scanning confocal microscopy.},
  year = {2014},
  
  url = {https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-22-10-11465&id=284390},
}

Quick Questions About This Study

Researchers exposed mouse ear skin to terahertz (THz) radiation at 2.7 THz frequency for 30 minutes and monitored the immune response using advanced microscopy. They found that THz exposure triggered a massive inflammatory response, with immune cells called neutrophils flooding into the exposed skin area within 6 hours. Importantly, this inflammatory reaction occurred without any detectable heating of the skin, suggesting the radiation caused biological effects through non-thermal mechanisms.