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Activity of matrix metallo proteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 in electromagnetic field-exposed THP-1 cells

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Patruno A, Pesce M, Marrone A, Speranza L, Grilli A, De Lutiis MA, Felaco M, Reale M · 2012

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Power frequency magnetic fields disrupt immune cell repair mechanisms through oxidative stress pathways at exposure levels found near electrical equipment.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers exposed immune cells to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) for 24 hours and found significant disruption of cellular repair mechanisms. The EMF exposure caused oxidative stress and altered the activity of enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which help regulate tissue repair and inflammation. These changes could potentially affect how the immune system responds to threats and repairs tissue damage.

Why This Matters

This study reveals a concerning mechanism by which power frequency magnetic fields can disrupt fundamental cellular processes. The 1 milliTesla exposure level used here is relatively high compared to typical household exposures (which range from 0.01 to 0.2 mT), but it's within the range you might encounter very close to electrical appliances or power lines. What makes this research particularly significant is that it identifies a specific biological pathway through which EMF exposure affects immune cell function. The disruption of MMP regulation could have far-reaching implications for wound healing, inflammation control, and tissue maintenance. The science demonstrates that even non-thermal EMF exposures can trigger cascading biochemical changes that affect cellular health and immune function.

Exposure Details

Magnetic Field
1 mG
Source/Device
50 Hz
Exposure Duration
24 h

Exposure Context

This study used 1 mG for magnetic fields:

Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextA logarithmic scale showing exposure levels relative to Building Biology concern thresholds and regulatory limits.Study Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 1 mGExtreme Concern5 mGFCC Limit2,000 mGEffects observed in the Severe Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 2,000x higher than this exposure level

Study Details

We analyzed the effects of EMF on the activity and expression of MMPs in THP-1 cells.

Cells were exposed to a 50 Hz, 1 mT EMF for 24 h and incubated with or without LPS.

Our data indicate that THP-1 cells exposed to EMF causes a reduction of anti-oxidant enzyme activity...

These results may suggest a pathway connecting an imbalance of MMPs and their cognate inhibitor TIMP-1.

Cite This Study
Patruno A, Pesce M, Marrone A, Speranza L, Grilli A, De Lutiis MA, Felaco M, Reale M (2012). Activity of matrix metallo proteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 in electromagnetic field-exposed THP-1 cells J Cell Physiol. 227(6):2767-2774, 2012.
Show BibTeX
@article{a_2012_activity_of_matrix_metallo_440,
  author = {Patruno A and Pesce M and Marrone A and Speranza L and Grilli A and De Lutiis MA and Felaco M and Reale M},
  title = {Activity of matrix metallo proteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 in electromagnetic field-exposed THP-1 cells},
  year = {2012},
  doi = {10.1002/jcp.23024},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcp.23024},
}

Quick Questions About This Study

Researchers exposed immune cells to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) for 24 hours and found significant disruption of cellular repair mechanisms. The EMF exposure caused oxidative stress and altered the activity of enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which help regulate tissue repair and inflammation. These changes could potentially affect how the immune system responds to threats and repairs tissue damage.