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Effect on the immune system of mice exposed chronically to 50 Hz amplitude-modulated 2.45 GHz microwaves.

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Elekes E, Thuróczy G, Szabó LD. · 1996

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Both continuous and amplitude-modulated 2.45 GHz microwave exposure induced moderate elevation of antibody production only in male mice.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers tested the effect of continuous or amplitude-modulated 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on the immune response of mice. CW exposures induced elevations of the number of antibody-producing cells in the spleen of male Balb/c mice by 37%. AM microwave exposure induced elevation of the spleen index by 15% and antibody-producing cell number by 55% in the spleen of male mice. No changes were observed in female mice.

Why This Matters

The study compared two types of microwave exposure: a continuous wave at 2.45 GHz and a signal amplitude-modulated with a 50 Hz square wave. CW exposure lasted 6 days at 3 hours per day. The researchers described the elevations as moderate.

Exposure Information

A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 50 Hz - 2.45 GHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 50 Hz - 2.45 GHzCell phones~1 GHzWiFi2.4 GHz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale

Specific exposure levels were not quantified in this study. The study examined exposure from: 2.45 GHz, 50 Hz Duration: 6 days, 3 h/day

Study Details

The aim of this study is to investigate Effect on the immune system of mice exposed chronically to 50 Hz amplitude-modulated 2.45 GHz microwaves.

The effect of continuous (CW; 2.45 GHz carrier frequency) or amplitude-modulated (AM; 50 Hz square w...

CW exposures (6 days, 3 h/day) induced elevations of the number of antibody-producing cells in the s...

It is concluded that both types of exposure conditions induced moderate elevation of antibody production only in male mice.

Cite This Study
Elekes E, Thuróczy G, Szabó LD. (1996). Effect on the immune system of mice exposed chronically to 50 Hz amplitude-modulated 2.45 GHz microwaves. Bioelectromagnetics. 1996;17(3):246-8. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1996)17:3<246::AID-BEM11>3.0.CO;2-O. PMID: 8809365.
Show BibTeX
@article{e_1996_effect_on_the_immune_1062,
  author = {Elekes E and Thuróczy G and Szabó LD.},
  title = {Effect on the immune system of mice exposed chronically to 50 Hz amplitude-modulated 2.45 GHz microwaves.},
  year = {1996},
  
  url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8809365/},
}
PubMed: 8809365

Cited By (21 papers)

Quick Questions About This Study

Male Balb/c mice showed elevations in antibody-producing cells in the spleen following CW exposure.
No changes were observed in female mice.
AM microwave exposure induced elevation of the spleen index by 15% and antibody-producing cell number by 55% in the spleen of male mice.
CW exposures induced elevations of the number of antibody-producing cells in the spleen of male Balb/c mice by 37%.
The researchers concluded that both types of exposure conditions induced moderate elevation of antibody production only in male mice.