6,486 Studies Reviewed. 85.2% of Original Studies Found Biological Effects. The Evidence is Clear.
Shield Your Body
Radio Frequency

Extensive frequency selective measurements of radiofrequency fields in outdoor environments performed with a novel mobile monitoring system.

Bioeffects Seen

Estenberg J, Augustsson T. · 2013

View Original Abstract
Share:

Median outdoor radiofrequency power density was 16 µW/m(2) in rural areas and 2400 µW/m(2) in city areas of Sweden.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers developed a car-based measuring system to estimate outdoor radiofrequency field exposure across rural, urban, and city areas of Sweden. The median power density was 16 µW/m(2) in rural areas, 270 µW/m(2) in urban areas, and 2400 µW/m(2) in city areas. In urban and city areas, base stations for mobile phones were clearly the dominating sources of exposure.

Why This Matters

The measuring system covered a bandwidth spanning the frequency range of 30 MHz to 3 GHz and enabled fast, large area, isotropic spectral measurements. The data sets consist of more than 70000 measurements, and all measurements were performed during the daytime. Complete mapping of a town with 15000 inhabitants and a path length of 115 km is possible to perform within 1 day.

Exposure Details

Power Density
0.0000016, 0.000027, and 0.00024 mW/cm²
Source/Device
30 MHz to 3 GHz

Exposure Context

This study used 0.0000016, 0.000027, and 0.00024 mW/cm² for radio frequency:

Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextStudy Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 0.0000016, 0.000027, and 0.00024 mW/cm²Extreme Concern - 1,000 µW/m²FCC Limit - 10M µW/m²Effects observed in the Severe Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 625,000 times higher than this level
A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 30 MHz - 3 GHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 30 MHz - 3 GHzPower lines50/60 HzCell phones~1 GHzWiFi2.4 GHz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale

Study Details

The aim of this study is to investigate Extensive frequency selective measurements of radiofrequency fields in outdoor environments performed with a novel mobile monitoring system.

A novel, car based, measuring system for estimation of general public outdoor exposure to radiofrequ...

The median power density was 16 µW/m(2) in rural areas, 270 µW/m(2) in urban areas, and 2400 µW/m(2)...

Cite This Study
Estenberg J, Augustsson T. (2013). Extensive frequency selective measurements of radiofrequency fields in outdoor environments performed with a novel mobile monitoring system. Bioelectromagnetics. 2013 Dec 27. doi: 10.1002/bem.21830.
Show BibTeX
@article{j_2013_extensive_frequency_selective_measurements_966,
  author = {Estenberg J and Augustsson T.},
  title = {Extensive frequency selective measurements of radiofrequency fields in outdoor environments performed with a novel mobile monitoring system.},
  year = {2013},
  
  url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24375568/},
}
PubMed: 24375568

Cited By (41 papers)

Quick Questions About This Study

The median power density was 16 µW/m(2) in rural areas, 270 µW/m(2) in urban areas, and 2400 µW/m(2) in city areas.
In urban and city areas, base stations for mobile phones were clearly the dominating sources of exposure.
The system covered a bandwidth spanning the frequency range of 30 MHz to 3 GHz.
The data sets consist of more than 70000 measurements, all performed during the daytime.
The measured areas were chosen to represent typical rural, urban and city areas of Sweden.