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Brain & Nervous System240 citations

Permeability of the blood-brain barrier induced by 915 MHz electromagnetic radiation, continuous wave and modulated at 8, 16, 50, and 200 Hz.

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Salford LG, Brun A, Sturesson K, Eberhardt JL, Persson BRq · 1994

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Rats exposed to 915 MHz microwaves showed albumin leakage in 56 of 184 animals compared to 5 of 62 controls, and continuous wave exposure produced 14 positive findings out of 35 that differed significantly from controls (P = 0.002).

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers exposed male and female Fischer 344 rats to 915 MHz microwaves as continuous wave and pulse-modulated at 8, 16, 50, and 200 Hz in a transverse electromagnetic transmission line chamber. Albumin leakage occurred in 56 of 184 exposed rats versus 5 of 62 controls, and continuous wave exposure yielded 14 positive findings out of 35 that were significantly different from controls (P = 0.002). The specific energy absorption rate varied between 0.016 and 5 W/kg, and rats were exposed for 2 hours without anesthesia.

Why This Matters

Animals were sacrificed by perfusion-fixation under chloral hydrate anesthesia about one hour after exposure. Brains were perfused with saline for 3-4 minutes then fixed in 4% formaldehyde for 5-6 minutes before central coronal sections were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned at 5 microns. Albumin and fibrinogen were demonstrated immunohistochemically.

Exposure Details

SAR
0.016 and 5 W/kg
Source/Device
915 MHz
Exposure Duration
2h

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextStudy Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 0.016 and 5 W/kgExtreme Concern - 0.1 W/kgFCC Limit - 1.6 W/kgEffects observed in the Severe Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 100 times higher than this level
A logarithmic frequency spectrum from 10 Hz to 100 GHz showing where this study's 915 MHz exposure sits relative to common EMF sources.Where This Frequency Sits on the EMF SpectrumELFVLFLF / MFHF / VHFUHFSHFmm10 Hz100 GHzThis study: 915 MHzPower lines50/60 Hz5G mm28 GHzLogarithmic scale

Study Details

In the present investigation we exposed male and female Fischer 344 rats in a transverse electromagnetic transmission line chamber to microwaves of 915 MHz as continuous wave (CW) and pulse-modulated with repetition rates of 8, 16, 50, and 200 s-1.

The specific energy absorption rate (SAR) varied between 0.016 and 5 W/kg. The rats were not anesthe...

The results show albumin leakage in 5 of 62 of the controls and in 56 of 184 of the animals exposed ...

Cite This Study
Salford LG, Brun A, Sturesson K, Eberhardt JL, Persson BRq (1994). Permeability of the blood-brain barrier induced by 915 MHz electromagnetic radiation, continuous wave and modulated at 8, 16, 50, and 200 Hz. Microsc Res Tech 27(6):535-542, 1994.
Show BibTeX
@article{lg_1994_permeability_of_the_bloodbrain_1304,
  author = {Salford LG and Brun A and Sturesson K and Eberhardt JL and Persson BRq},
  title = {Permeability of the blood-brain barrier induced by 915 MHz electromagnetic radiation, continuous wave and modulated at 8, 16, 50, and 200 Hz. },
  year = {1994},
  
  url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8012056/},
}
PubMed: 8012056

Cited By (240 papers)

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Quick Questions About This Study

Male and female Fischer 344 rats were used.
Rats were exposed to 915 MHz microwaves as continuous wave and pulse-modulated at 8, 16, 50, and 200 Hz for 2 hours without anesthesia, with SAR between 0.016 and 5 W/kg.
Albumin leakage was found in 56 of 184 exposed rats compared to 5 of 62 controls, and continuous wave exposure produced 14 positive findings out of 35 that differed significantly from controls (P = 0.002).
Animals were sacrificed about one hour after exposure by perfusion-fixation under chloral hydrate anesthesia; brains were perfused with saline for 3-4 minutes, fixed in 4% formaldehyde for 5-6 minutes, then central coronal sections were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned at 5 microns.
Albumin and fibrinogen were demonstrated immunohistochemically.