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Sleep EEG alterations: effects of pulsed magnetic fields versus pulse‐modulated radio frequency electromagnetic fields

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Schmid MR, Murbach M, Lustenberger C, Maire M, Kuster N, Achermann P, Loughran SP · 2012

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Cell phone-level radiation altered brain wave patterns throughout the night after just 30 minutes of exposure at legal safety limits.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers exposed 25 healthy men to cell phone-level radio frequency radiation (900 MHz) for 30 minutes before sleep and monitored their brain waves throughout the night. They found that RF exposure altered brain activity patterns during both deep sleep and REM sleep, increasing certain frequencies and changing the normal rhythm of sleep-related brain waves. The study demonstrates that wireless signals can measurably affect brain physiology even after the exposure ends.

Why This Matters

This research adds important evidence to our understanding of how wireless radiation affects the brain during one of our most vulnerable states - sleep. The exposure level used (SAR of 2 W/kg) is at the legal safety limit for cell phones, meaning millions of people experience similar exposures daily when holding phones to their heads. What makes this study particularly significant is its rigorous design: double-blind, crossover methodology with objective EEG measurements rather than subjective sleep reports. The fact that brain wave patterns remained altered throughout the entire night following just 30 minutes of exposure suggests our brains don't simply 'recover' once the RF source is removed. This challenges the prevailing assumption that non-thermal RF effects are temporary or insignificant, and supports growing concerns about keeping wireless devices in bedrooms overnight.

Exposure Details

SAR
2 W/kg
Source/Device
900 MHz
Exposure Duration
30 min

Exposure Context

This study used 2 W/kg for SAR (device absorption):

Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextA logarithmic scale showing exposure levels relative to Building Biology concern thresholds and regulatory limits.Study Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 2 W/kgExtreme Concern0.1 W/kgFCC Limit1.6 W/kgEffects observed in the Extreme Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 1x higher than this exposure level

Study Details

The current study aimed: (i) to determine if modulation components above 20 Hz, in combination with radio frequency, are necessary to alter the electroencephalogram; and (ii) to test the demodulation hypothesis, if the same effects occur after magnetic field exposure with the same pulse sequence used in the pulse‐modulated radio frequency exposure.

In a randomized double‐blind crossover design, 25 young healthy men were exposed at weekly intervals...

Radio frequency exposure increased electroencephalogram power in the spindle frequency range. Furthe...

Cite This Study
Schmid MR, Murbach M, Lustenberger C, Maire M, Kuster N, Achermann P, Loughran SP (2012). Sleep EEG alterations: effects of pulsed magnetic fields versus pulse‐modulated radio frequency electromagnetic fields J Sleep Res. 21(6):620-629, 2012b.
Show BibTeX
@article{mr_2012_sleep_eeg_alterations_effects_179,
  author = {Schmid MR and Murbach M and Lustenberger C and Maire M and Kuster N and Achermann P and Loughran SP},
  title = {Sleep EEG alterations: effects of pulsed magnetic fields versus pulse‐modulated radio frequency electromagnetic fields},
  year = {2012},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2869.2012.01025.x},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2012.01025.x},
}

Quick Questions About This Study

Researchers exposed 25 healthy men to cell phone-level radio frequency radiation (900 MHz) for 30 minutes before sleep and monitored their brain waves throughout the night. They found that RF exposure altered brain activity patterns during both deep sleep and REM sleep, increasing certain frequencies and changing the normal rhythm of sleep-related brain waves. The study demonstrates that wireless signals can measurably affect brain physiology even after the exposure ends.