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Sleep EEG alterations: effects of pulsed magnetic fields versus pulse-modulated radio frequency electromagnetic fields.

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Schmid MR, Murbach M, Lustenberger C, Maire M, Kuster N, Achermann P, Loughran SP. · 2012

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Thirty minutes of cell phone-level EMF exposure altered participants' brain wave patterns throughout the night, suggesting lasting neurological effects.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Swiss researchers exposed 25 young men to cell phone radiation before sleep and monitored their brain waves overnight. The radiation measurably altered brain activity during sleep, changing specific wave patterns even though exposure lasted only 30 minutes before bedtime, demonstrating electromagnetic fields affect brain function.

Why This Matters

This research provides compelling evidence that electromagnetic field exposure doesn't just affect you during exposure - it can alter your brain's electrical activity hours later while you sleep. The study used a SAR level of 2 W/kg, which is at the upper limit of current safety standards and comparable to holding a phone directly against your head during a long call. What makes this study particularly significant is its rigorous design: randomized, double-blind, and crossover methodology with proper sham controls. The finding that both radiofrequency and magnetic field exposures produced measurable changes in sleep EEG patterns suggests our brains are more sensitive to electromagnetic fields than current regulations assume. While the researchers didn't find changes in overall sleep architecture, the altered brain wave patterns indicate your nervous system is responding to EMF exposure in ways we're only beginning to understand.

Exposure Details

SAR
2 W/kg
Source/Device
900 MHz
Exposure Duration
30 min

Exposure Context

This study used 2 W/kg for SAR (device absorption):

Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextA logarithmic scale showing exposure levels relative to Building Biology concern thresholds and regulatory limits.Study Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 2 W/kgExtreme Concern0.1 W/kgFCC Limit1.6 W/kgEffects observed in the Extreme Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 1x higher than this exposure level

Study Details

The current study aimed: (i) to determine if modulation components above 20 Hz, in combination with radio frequency, are necessary to alter the electroencephalogram; and (ii) to test the demodulation hypothesis, if the same effects occur after magnetic field exposure with the same pulse sequence used in the pulse-modulated radio frequency exposure.

In a randomized double-blind crossover design, 25 young healthy men were exposed at weekly interval...

Radio frequency exposure increased electroencephalogram power in the spindle frequency range. Furthe...

Cite This Study
Schmid MR, Murbach M, Lustenberger C, Maire M, Kuster N, Achermann P, Loughran SP. (2012). Sleep EEG alterations: effects of pulsed magnetic fields versus pulse-modulated radio frequency electromagnetic fields. J Sleep Res 2012 Dec;21(6):620-629.
Show BibTeX
@article{mr_2012_sleep_eeg_alterations_effects_295,
  author = {Schmid MR and Murbach M and Lustenberger C and Maire M and Kuster N and Achermann P and Loughran SP.},
  title = {Sleep EEG alterations: effects of pulsed magnetic fields versus pulse-modulated radio frequency electromagnetic fields.},
  year = {2012},
  
  url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22724534/},
}

Quick Questions About This Study

Swiss researchers exposed 25 young men to cell phone radiation before sleep and monitored their brain waves overnight. The radiation measurably altered brain activity during sleep, changing specific wave patterns even though exposure lasted only 30 minutes before bedtime, demonstrating electromagnetic fields affect brain function.