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Natural killer cell activity reduced by microwave exposure during pregnancy is mediated by opioid systems.

Bioeffects Seen

Nakamura, H, Seto, T, Hatta, K, Matsuzaki, I, Nagase, H, Yoshida, M, Ogino, K · 1998

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Microwave radiation at WiFi-like levels suppressed immune cell activity in pregnant rats through the body's opioid stress system.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Researchers exposed pregnant rats to microwave radiation at 2.45 GHz for 90 minutes and found it suppressed natural killer cells, which fight infections and cancer. This immune suppression occurred through the body's opioid system, showing microwave exposure can weaken immunity during pregnancy when protection is most critical.

Why This Matters

This 1998 study provides compelling evidence that microwave radiation can suppress immune function through biological pathways beyond simple heating effects. The researchers used 2 mW/cm² power density - a level comparable to what you might encounter from WiFi routers or cell towers at moderate distances. What makes this research particularly significant is that it identified the specific biological mechanism: the pituitary opioid system. This isn't just correlation - it's causation with a clear pathway. The fact that pregnant rats showed greater sensitivity raises important questions about EMF exposure during pregnancy, when both maternal and fetal immune systems need to function optimally. While this is animal research from over two decades ago, it demonstrates biological plausibility for immune effects at exposure levels we commonly encounter today.

Exposure Details

Power Density
2 µW/m²
Source/Device
2450 MHz
Exposure Duration
90 min

Exposure Context

This study used 2 µW/m² for radio frequency:

Building Biology guidelines are practitioner-based limits from real-world assessments. BioInitiative Report recommendations are based on peer-reviewed science. Check Your Exposure to compare your own measurements.

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextA logarithmic scale showing exposure levels relative to Building Biology concern thresholds and regulatory limits.Study Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 2 µW/m²Extreme Concern1,000 uW/m2FCC Limit10M uW/m2Effects observed in the Slight Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 5,000,000x higher than this exposure level

Study Details

To examine the involvement of opioid systems in reduced NKCA in pregnant rats exposed to microwaves at a relatively low level (2 mW/cm2 incident power density at 2450 MHz for 90 min), we assayed beta-endorphin (betaEP) in blood, pituitary lobes, and placenta as well as splenic NKCA in virgin and/or pregnant rats.

Although microwaves elevated colonic temperatures by 0.8 degreesC for virgin and 0.9 degreesC for pr...

These results suggest that NKCA reduced by microwaves during pregnancy is mediated by the pituitary opioid system.

Cite This Study
Nakamura, H, Seto, T, Hatta, K, Matsuzaki, I, Nagase, H, Yoshida, M, Ogino, K (1998). Natural killer cell activity reduced by microwave exposure during pregnancy is mediated by opioid systems. Environ Res 79(2):106-113, 1998.
Show BibTeX
@article{nakamura_1998_natural_killer_cell_activity_1217,
  author = {Nakamura and H and Seto and T and Hatta and K and Matsuzaki and I and Nagase and H and Yoshida and M and Ogino and K},
  title = {Natural killer cell activity reduced by microwave exposure during pregnancy is mediated by opioid systems.},
  year = {1998},
  
  url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9841809/},
}

Quick Questions About This Study

Researchers exposed pregnant rats to microwave radiation at 2.45 GHz for 90 minutes and found it suppressed natural killer cells, which fight infections and cancer. This immune suppression occurred through the body's opioid system, showing microwave exposure can weaken immunity during pregnancy when protection is most critical.