SAFETY AND POTENTIAL HAZARDS IN THE CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
PADMAKAR P. LELE · 1979
Key Finding: 93% of 2,429 primary studies on whole body / general found biological effects from EMF exposure.
Of 2,429 studies examining whole body / general, 93% found measurable biological effects from EMF exposure.
Lowest Documented Effect
Research found effects on whole body / general at exposures as low as:
Research Overview
- -When 95% of nearly 3,800 peer-reviewed studies document biological effects from electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, we're looking at a weight of evidence that demands attention.
- -This isn't fringe science or industry speculation-it's the consistent finding across independent research examining how radiofrequency radiation, extremely low frequency fields, and other non-ionizing EMF sources interact with human physiology.
- -The question isn't whether effects occur, but which ones matter most to you and your family.
When 95% of nearly 3,800 peer-reviewed studies document biological effects from electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, we're looking at a weight of evidence that demands attention. This isn't fringe science or industry speculation-it's the consistent finding across independent research examining how radiofrequency radiation, extremely low frequency fields, and other non-ionizing EMF sources interact with human physiology. The question isn't whether effects occur, but which ones matter most to you and your family. The documented effects span multiple biological systems.
That's what the evidence shows across the 3,798 studies in our whole body research collection: 3,591 of them identified biological changes in response to electromagnetic field exposure.
Research on chicken embryos exposed to both ELF and RF radiation demonstrated 27% less protective protein production after repeated exposures, indicating compromised cellular defense mechanisms.
Source: BioInitiative Working Group. BioInitiative Report: A Rationale for Biologically-based Public Exposure Standards for Electromagnetic Radiation. Edited by Cindy Sage and David O. Carpenter, BioInitiative, 2012, updated 2020. www.bioinitiative.org
Showing 2,816 studies
IMPI Course on Industrial, Scientific and Medical Uses of Microwaves
Unknown authors · 1979
The one-day course was held on March 28, 1979 at the Philip Morris Research Center in Richmond, Virginia. The course aimed to present microwave theory and its applications in industry, analysis, and medicine, and to give special consideration to microwave health effects and safety.
Whole Body / General
Measurement survey
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE WALK-THROUGH SURVEY REPORT ON RF RADIATION EXPOSURES FROM HEAT SEALERS
Clinton Cox, Betsy Egan, Bill Murray, Bob Herrick · 1979
On November 29, 1978, NIOSH conducted a walk-through survey of the RF sealing area at Standard Plastic Products in South Plainfield, New Jersey. The purpose was to identify workers for a study on health effects from occupational radio frequency radiation exposure. Electric and magnetic fields from the heat sealers were measured and corrected for duty cycle. All three sealers produced electric fields greater than 1000 V/M, exceeding the ANSI guideline of 200 V/M by at least five times. A cohort of 15 workers, mostly elderly women, was identified and could be used in a study if combined with similar cohorts from other plants.
THE JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE POWER - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL SCIENTIFIC MEDICAL AND DOMESTIC APPLICATIONS FOR MICROWAVE POWER
Dr. S. S. Stuchly · 1979
Government Program on Bioeffects of Nonionizing Radiation - FY 1978 Project Resume's
H. Janet Healer · 1979
Are There Radiation Hazards in Broadcasting?
Jules Cohen et al. · 1979
Measurements of Electromagnetic Fields in the Close Proximity of CB Antennas
Paul S. Ruggera · 1979
Whole Body / General
Not an original health-effects study
POWER DENSITY MEASUREMENTS NEAR GTE (MICROWAVE) TRANSMITTING FACILITIES IN FLORIDA
D. Davidson, J. M. Musser, O. G. Nackoney, D. L. Swank · 1979
Summary of Testimony Prepared for Public Hearings, Power Facilities Council, May 31, 1979
Unknown authors · 1979
Hazards of microwave radiation and radiation levels derived therefrom
Health Council of the Netherlands · 1979
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN BIOLOGICAL MEDIA Part II-The SCAT Program, Multilayered Spheres, Theory and Applications
Stanley M. Neuder · 1979
Efforts By The Environmental Protection Agency To Protect The Public From Environmental Nonionizing Radiation Exposures
U.S. General Accounting Office · 1979
AN ATTEMPT TO EVALUATE THE EXPOSURE OF OPERATORS OF PORTABLE RADIOS AT 30 MHZ
Q. Balzano, O. Garay, F. R. Steel · 1979
Inexpensive Microwave Survey Instruments: An Evaluation
William A. Herman, Donald M. Witters, Jr. · 1979
Researchers tested three inexpensive microwave survey instruments—the Micromate, Guard-Rod, and Interceptor/Microscan—and evaluated several test parameters. Cross-polarized fields increased the Micromate’s sensitivity by 216 % and the Guard-Rod’s by up to 694 %; amplitude-modulated fields increased the Micromate’s sensitivity by 119 % and decreased the Guard-Rod’s by up to 64.5 %; the Interceptor/Microscan responded to peak power, increasing sensitivity fivefold.
PROPOSED TLV FOR RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION
Unknown authors · 1979
Whole Body / GeneralNo Effects Found
Search for Millimeter Microwave Effects on Enzyme or Protein Functions
P. Tuengler, F. Keilmann, L. Genzel · 1979
The study tested whether millimeter microwaves affect the function of alcohol dehydrogenase and hemoglobin in vitro. Alcohol dehydrogenase was exposed to 40–115 GHz radiation at near 10 mW/cm² while monitoring the reaction rate via NADH absorption using a 337 nm filter. No change in alcohol dehydrogenase turnover rate was detected within a sensitivity of 0.1%. Hemoglobin at half-oxygenation was exposed to absorbed intensity of 3–13 mW/cm² across 40–115 GHz. No shift in the equilibrium oxygen constant of half-oxygenated hemoglobin was detected within a sensitivity of 0.4%.
Whole Body / General
Review
Health Aspects of Radio Frequency and Microwave Radiation Exposure Part 2
Unknown authors · 1978
MEASUREMENT OF POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS--RF AND MICROWAVE
Unknown authors · 1978
Instruments should read average power density, mean squared electric field strength, mean squared magnetic field strength, or energy density. Calibration methods include free-space standard field, guided wave methods, and standard probe method.
The biological effects of magnetic fields on man
E.E. KETCHEN, W.E. PORTER, N.E. BOLTON · 1978
Human exposures up to 20,000 G produced only transient sensations such as a metallic taste or tooth pain in individuals with dental fillings, while Soviet magnet-fabrication workers reported cardiovascular and neurological symptoms at unspecified field strengths. In rabbits, stationary fields of 200–1000 G for 1–3 minutes altered EEG patterns, with a threshold around 100 G, and long-term exposure caused neuroglial and neuronal lesions. Mice exposed to 4200–9000 G showed a significant decrease in bone-marrow megakaryocytes and a statistically significant increase in splenic megakaryocytes.
NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF PSEUDARTHROSES AND NON-UNIONS BY PULSING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
C.A.L. Bassett et al. · 1978
Symptoms & Sensitivity
Not an original health-effects study
Postmastectomy patient with sensitivity to microwave oven in operative area
Michaelson SM · 1978
Brain & Nervous SystemNo Effects Found
Influence of a Constant Magnetic Field on Nervous Tissues: I. Nerve Conduction Velocity Studies
Jean-Louis Schwartz · 1978
Researchers studied the circumesophageal connective of the lobster to investigate the influence of a constant magnetic field on nerve impulse conduction velocity. They found no significant effect of a 1.2 T magnetic field on conduction velocity in either parallel or perpendicular configurations.
Symptoms & SensitivityNo Effects Found
Tests for Human Perception of 60 Hz Moderate Strength Magnetic Fields
Robert D. Tucker, Otto H. Schmitt · 1978
Each trial asked the subject to decide whether a 60 Hz magnetic field of 7.5–15 gauss was present, with the field randomized by computer. After more than 30,000 total trials, no individual performed better than chance, and group results were consistent with no real perception.
THE PUBLIC FIGHTS BACK: STATIC ON THE MICROWAVE FRONT
Paul Brodeur · 1978
Whole Body / General
Review
1978 Microwave Review: The Old Song and Dance Routine, or, When In Trouble, Blame the Press
Paul Brodeur · 1978
Learn More
For a comprehensive exploration of EMF health effects including whole body / general, along with practical protection strategies, explore these books by R Blank and Dr. Martin Blank.
FAQs: EMF & Whole Body / General
When 95% of nearly 3,800 peer-reviewed studies document biological effects from electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, we're looking at a weight of evidence that demands attention. This isn't fringe science or industry speculation-it's the consistent finding across independent research examining how radiofrequency radiation, extremely low frequency fields, and other non-ionizing EMF sources interact with human physiology.
The SYB Research Database includes 2,429 peer-reviewed studies examining the relationship between electromagnetic field exposure and whole body / general. These studies have been conducted by researchers worldwide and published in scientific journals. The research spans multiple decades and includes various types of EMF sources including cell phones, WiFi, power lines, and other common sources of electromagnetic radiation.
93% of the 2,429 studies examining whole body / general found measurable biological effects from EMF exposure. This means that 2257 studies documented observable changes in biological systems when exposed to electromagnetic fields. The remaining 7% either found no significant effects or had inconclusive results, which is typical in scientific research where study design and exposure parameters vary.