Eye Protection in Radar Fields
W. G. Egan · 1957
Research on electromagnetic radiation from Bluetooth devices including earbuds, headphones, and wearables.
Your Bluetooth earbuds, wireless mouse, and smartphone are constantly communicating through radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields in the 2.4 to 2.5 GHz range. While these devices have revolutionized how we connect and communicate, they also represent one of the most intimate sources of EMF exposure in our daily lives-often positioned directly against our heads, in our pockets, or on our bodies for hours at a time.
W. G. Egan · 1957
J. F. HERRICK, FRANK H. KRUSEN · 1956
This 1956 medical research examined challenges facing investigators studying microwave diathermy and heat therapy applications in medicine. The study focused on problems with temperature measurement and medical electronics when using microwave energy for therapeutic purposes. This represents early documentation of issues with microwave technology in medical settings.
Burmeister, H. · 1956
D. A. Copson · 1956
Herman P. Schwan, Kam Li · 1955
Herman P. Schwan, Kam Li · 1955
Alfred W. Richardson · 1955
J. F. Herrick, F. H. Krusen · 1953
J. F. Herrick, F. H. Krusen · 1953
This 1953 research by J.F. Herrick examined how microwaves affect human physiology and pathology, focusing on tissue heating, blood flow changes, and potential harmful effects. The study represents early scientific investigation into microwave biological effects, decades before widespread consumer microwave technology. This foundational work helped establish our understanding of how electromagnetic radiation interacts with human tissue.
Sidney I. Brody · 1953
This 1953 military research examined microwave radiation hazards for radar operators and aviation personnel, marking one of the earliest systematic investigations into occupational microwave exposure risks. The study focused on understanding the operational dangers posed by high-power radar systems used in military aircraft. This represents foundational research that helped establish awareness of microwave radiation as a workplace safety concern decades before consumer wireless devices became widespread.
H. M. Hines, J. E. Randall · 1952
Louis Daily et al. · 1952
Alfred W. Richardson et al. · 1952
G. H. Haggis, T. J. Buchanan, J. B. Hasted · 1951
Albert DE LOZ · 1951
Maurizio Terni, Pietro Lombardini · 1951
Joseph P. Engel et al. · 1950
Researchers exposed anesthetized and trained dogs to microwave diathermy at 2,450 megacycles per second and measured temperature changes in tibial cortex, marrow, muscle, and subcutaneous tissue. For subcutaneously located bone, 30 minutes at 65 watts raised tibial cortex temperature by 5.0 degrees (C.) and marrow by 3.4 degrees (C.). For submuscularly located bone, the same exposure raised cortex by 3.8 degrees (C.) and marrow by 3.0 degrees (C.). A rectangular director allowed higher temperatures in subcutaneously located bone without excessively heating adjacent soft tissue. An impedance-matching transformer increased tissue temperature rises by approximately 300 per cent.
Boyle AC, Cook HF, Buchanan TJ · 1950
W. H. Oldendorf · 1949
OSBORNE, SL, FREDERICK, MS · 1948
Horvath SM, Miller RN, Hutt BK · 1948
This 1948 study by Horvath examined how microwave radiation heats human tissues, investigating temperature gradients and thermal effects in the body. The research explored microwave diathermy applications and measured tissue temperature changes during exposure. This represents some of the earliest scientific investigation into how microwave energy interacts with human biology.
Willis Jackson · 1946
T. M. Caffaratto · 1946
Kenneth S. Cole, Robert H. Cole · 1941
This 1941 technical study by K.S. Cole examined how dielectric materials (insulators like those in electronic devices) respond to alternating current electrical fields. The research explored fundamental properties like dielectric constants and relaxation times that determine how materials absorb and scatter electromagnetic energy.
Paul Groag, Victor Tomberg · 1933