Paparini A et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed mice to GSM cell phone radiation (1800 MHz) for one hour and analyzed gene expression changes in brain tissue using advanced genetic screening techniques. They found no significant changes in brain gene expression patterns, even when using less strict analysis methods that initially suggested 75 genes might be affected. This study suggests that short-term exposure to cell phone-level radiation may not cause major genetic changes in brain tissue.
Huang TQ, Lee MS, Oh E, Zhang BT, Seo JS, Park WY. · 2008
They assessed cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, DNA damage, and gene expression. RF exposure did not significantly change cell numbers, cell cycle distribution, or DNA damage levels. Genome-wide analysis found no genes changed more than two-fold, but ten genes changed 1.3- to 1.8-fold, including down-regulation of CXCR3 and IL1R2.
Unknown authors · 2008
Curcio G et al. · 2008
The study investigated whether repeated brief exposures to a GSM mobile phone signal had a cumulative effect on psychomotor functions. After each of 3 15-min exposures, both an acoustic simple reaction time task and a sequential finger tapping task were administered to subjects. No cumulative effects were detected, though there was a non-statistical trend toward shorter reaction times.
Curcio G et al. · 2008
Italian researchers exposed 24 people to GSM mobile phone radiation (902.40 MHz) for three separate 15-minute sessions and tested their reaction times and finger coordination after each exposure. They found no measurable effects on psychomotor performance, though there was a slight non-significant trend toward faster reaction times. The study suggests that brief, repeated mobile phone exposures at typical power levels don't impair basic motor skills and reflexes.
Unterlechner M, Sauter C, Schmid G, Zeitlhofer J · 2008
Unknown authors · 2008
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers exposed rats to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (similar to WiFi frequency) at very low power levels for 3 hours daily over 30 days. The exposed rats showed significant learning and memory problems, along with elevated stress hormones and brain cell death in the hippocampus. When researchers blocked the stress hormone pathway, the cognitive damage was partially prevented.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers investigated DNA sensitivity in peripheral blood leukocytes of radar-facility workers daily exposed to microwave radiation and unexposed controls. The study used alkaline comet assay and chromatid breakage assay to evaluate DNA damage and sensitivity. Exposed workers showed increased DNA damage by comet assay and almost three times more bleomycin-induced chromatid breaks than controls. The difference in break per cell values between smokers and non-smokers was statistically significant in the exposed group. Regression analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between the two assay results, with the best correlation between tail moment and number of chromatid breaks.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers evaluated the hormetic effect of non-thermal repetitive electromagnetic field shock (50MHz/0.5W) on primary human T lymphocytes and fibroblast cell lines. REMFS extended the total number of population doublings of mouse fibroblasts and contributed to youthful morphology of cells near their replicative lifespan. REMFS also enhanced cellular defenses of human T cells as reflected in lower cell mortality when compared to non-treated T cells. Mechanistic analysis showed that REMFS increased HSF1 phosphorylation, enhanced HSF1-DNA binding, and improved Hsp70 expression relative to non-REMFS-treated cells.
Unknown authors · 2008
Croatian researchers studied radar workers exposed to microwave radiation (1,250-1,350 MHz) and found significant DNA damage in their blood cells. Workers showed nearly three times more chromosome breaks when exposed to a DNA-damaging chemical compared to unexposed controls. The study suggests occupational microwave exposure may increase cancer susceptibility.
Huang TQ et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed HEI-OC1 immortalized mouse auditory hair cells to 1763 MHz RF at 20 W/kg SAR in a CDMA chamber for 24 and 48 hours. They assessed cell cycle, DNA damage, heat shock protein expression, MAPK phosphorylation, and gene expression, finding no changes in cell cycle, DNA damage, HSP expression, or MAPK phosphorylation. Microarray analysis showed only 29 genes (0.09% of total) changed more than 1.5-fold after exposure.
Manti L et al. · 2008
Italian researchers exposed human blood cells to cell phone radiation (1.95 GHz UMTS signal) for 24 hours, then hit them with X-rays to see if the RF exposure made the radiation damage worse. While the cell phone signals didn't increase the number of damaged cells, they did cause a small but measurable increase in the severity of chromosome damage within each affected cell at the higher exposure level (2.0 W/kg SAR). This suggests RF radiation might interfere with the cell's ability to repair DNA damage from other sources.
Yilmaz F, Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Kilinc N · 2008
Researchers investigated anti-apoptotic bcl-2 protein in rat brain and testes after whole-body exposure to 900 MHz cellular phone radiation. The results showed that 20 minutes of radiation did not alter bcl-2 protein in the brain and testes of rats. The study used two groups of eight Sprague-Dawley rats each, with the experimental group exposed to phones in speech condition for 20 minutes per day for one month and the sham group exposed to turned-off phones. The authors speculated that bcl-2 may not be involved in radiation effects on the brain and testes of rats.
Yilmaz F, Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Kilinc N. · 2008
Researchers exposed rats to radiation from 900 MHz cell phones for 20 minutes daily for one month to see if it affected bcl-2, a protein that helps prevent cell death in the brain and testes. They found no changes in bcl-2 levels compared to unexposed rats. This suggests that at least for this specific cellular protection mechanism, short-term phone radiation exposure may not cause immediate harm to these organs.
Palumbo R et al. · 2008
The study investigated apoptosis induction after 900 MHz GSM radiation by measuring caspase 3 activation in Jurkat cells and quiescent and proliferating human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Exposure was at 1.35 W/kg for one hour in a temperature-controlled dual wire patch cell system. Caspase 3 activity increased by 32.4% in Jurkat cells and 22% in proliferating lymphocytes 6 hours after exposure, but did not change in quiescent lymphocytes. Apoptosis and viability assessed 24 hours later were unaffected in both cell types. Cell cycle analysis of proliferating T cells also showed no differences between exposed and sham-exposed cultures.
Sinha RK · 2008
Researchers exposed male rats to 2450 MHz microwave radiation and assessed thyroid hormones and behavior. Exposed rats showed hyperactivity and aggression, with significant changes in open-field and elevated plus-maze tests. Thyroid hormone levels changed, with T3 decreasing and T4 increasing, correlating with behavioral changes.
Bamiou DE, Ceranic B, Cox R, Watt H, Chadwick P, Luxon LM. · 2008
The study used a double blind design with nine case subjects who reported symptoms after prolonged mobile telephone use and 21 control subjects. Each subject underwent 30 min exposures to pulsed RF, continuous RF, or no emission from a dummy phone system at 882 MHz with a maximum SAR of 1.3 W kg−1 (± 30%). Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions showed no significant changes from baseline after any exposure and no differences between cases and controls. Video-oculography detected no effect of exposure on the vestibular end organ in either group.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers exposed V79 cells to 935 MHz continuous wave UHF radiation at 8.2 V/cm and 0.12 W/kg SAR for 1, 2, and 3 hours. Microtubule structure was assessed by immunocytochemistry and cell growth was measured by cell counts over five post-exposure days. Microtubule structure was clearly altered after 3 hours of exposure compared to controls (p<0.05). Cell growth was significantly decreased in cells exposed for 3 hours, measured three days after irradiation (p<0.05).
Unknown authors · 2008
Croatian researchers exposed hamster cells to 935 MHz radiation (similar to older cell phone frequencies) for up to 3 hours at very low power levels. They found that 3-hour exposures damaged the cell's internal structure and significantly reduced cell growth for days afterward, suggesting that even brief, low-level exposures can disrupt normal cellular function.
Unknown authors · 2008
Croatian researchers exposed hamster cells to 935 MHz radiation (similar to old cell phone frequencies) at very low power levels for up to 3 hours. They found that the radiation damaged the internal structure of cells and significantly reduced cell growth three days later. This suggests that even weak radiofrequency radiation can disrupt basic cellular functions.
Guler G, Turkozer Z, Tomruk A, Seyhan N · 2008
Aly AA et al. · 2008
Researchers studied how 900-MHz radio-frequency fields affect the ability of human neutrophils to follow concentration gradients of Cyclic Adenosine 3', 5'-Monophosphate (C-AMP). Blood from healthy adult donors was exposed in vitro to different temperatures and a 900-MHz RF field at approximately 0.4 V/m. When the 900-MHz RF field was applied, neutrophil speed increased above the value observed at the same temperature, and the maximum speed exceeded that measured at any temperature by approximately 50%. The direction of motion changed from along the concentration gradient and the electrical field lines to motion at right angles to the concentration gradient and the electric field.
Franzellitti S, Valbonesi P, Contin A, Biondi C, Fabbri E. · 2008
Researchers evaluated HSP70 gene and protein expression in human trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells after 4 to 24 hours of exposure to 1.8 GHz continuous-wave and GSM signals. Inducible HSP70 protein expression was not modified by any exposure condition. HSP70C transcript levels increased after 24 hours of GSM-217Hz exposure and decreased after 4 and 16 hours of GSM-Talk exposure, while HSP70A, HSP70B, and HSC70 transcripts did not change.
Yan JG, Agresti M, Zhang LL, Yan Y, Matloub HS. · 2008
Researchers exposed adult Sprague-Dawley rats to cell phones for 6 hours per day for 126 days and measured mRNA levels of several injury-associated proteins in the brain. The proteins evaluated included Calcium ATPase, Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule, Neural Growth Factor, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. The results showed statistically significant mRNA up-regulation of these proteins in the brains of exposed rats.
