Sakuma N et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed human brain and lung cells to 2.1425 GHz radiofrequency radiation at levels up to 10 times higher than public safety limits for up to 24 hours. They found no DNA damage in either cell type, even at the highest exposure levels tested. This suggests that cell phone tower radiation at these frequencies doesn't break DNA strands under laboratory conditions.
Merola P et al. · 2006
Italian researchers exposed neuroblastoma cells (a type of nerve cell) to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation at levels higher than occupational safety limits for up to 72 hours. They found no significant changes in cell growth, death, or differentiation processes. This suggests that even at elevated exposure levels, this type of cell phone radiation may not directly damage these particular nerve cells in laboratory conditions.
de Salles AA, Bulla G, Rodriguez CE. · 2006
Researchers used computer simulations to compare how much radiofrequency radiation children's heads absorb from mobile phones compared to adults. They found that 10-year-old children absorb over 60% more radiation in their heads than adults when using the same phone. This happens because children have smaller heads, thinner skulls, and different tissue properties that allow deeper radiation penetration.
Krause CM et al. · 2006
Finnish researchers studied how mobile phone radiation affects brain activity in 15 children (ages 10-14) while they performed memory tasks. When exposed to 902 MHz radiation from an active phone, the children showed measurable changes in their brain wave patterns during both memory encoding and recognition phases. This demonstrates that cell phone radiation can directly alter brain function in developing minds, even during short-term exposure.
Zeng Q, Chen G, Weng Y, Wang L, Chiang H, Lu D, Xu Z. · 2006
Researchers exposed human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) to cell phone radiation at 1800 MHz for 24 hours to see if it changed gene and protein activity. While initial tests suggested some genes might be affected, follow-up verification tests found no consistent changes. The study concluded that cell phone radiation at these levels does not produce convincing evidence of biological effects on cellular gene or protein expression.
Lantow M, Viergutz T, Weiss DG, Simko M. · 2006
German researchers exposed human immune cells (Mono Mac 6 cells) to cell phone radiation at 1,800 MHz for 12 hours to see if it would cause cell death or disrupt normal cell division cycles. They found no statistically significant effects on cell death, cell division, or DNA synthesis compared to unexposed control cells. This suggests that at the tested exposure level, cell phone-type radiation did not harm these particular immune cells in laboratory conditions.
Tuschl H, Novak W, Molla-Djafari H. · 2006
Researchers exposed human immune cells to cell phone radiation at 1950 MHz for 8 hours to see if it affected immune function. They tested multiple immune system markers including cytokine production (chemical messengers that coordinate immune responses) and gene activity. The study found no statistically significant effects on any immune parameters tested.
Hirose H et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed human brain and lung cells to radiofrequency radiation at 2.14 GHz (similar to cell tower frequencies) for up to 48 hours to see if it would trigger cell death or DNA damage responses. They tested exposure levels from 0.08 to 0.8 watts per kilogram - with the lowest level matching international safety limits for public exposure. The study found no evidence that this RF radiation caused cells to die, damaged DNA, or activated stress response pathways even at levels 10 times higher than safety guidelines.
Stankiewicz W et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed human immune cells to 900 MHz microwave radiation (similar to GSM cell phone signals) at very low power levels and found that the radiation significantly increased immune cell activity. The exposed cells showed stronger responses to immune stimulants compared to unexposed control cells. This suggests that even weak microwave radiation can alter how our immune system functions.
Stankiewicz W et al. · 2006
Polish researchers exposed human immune cells to 900 MHz GSM cell phone signals at very low power levels (SAR 0.024 W/kg) and found that the microwave exposure significantly increased immune cell activity. The exposed cells showed stronger responses to immune stimulants and higher activity levels compared to unexposed control cells. This suggests that even low-level cell phone radiation can alter how your immune system functions at the cellular level.
Joubert V et al. · 2006
French researchers exposed human brain cells to cell phone radiation at 900 MHz for 24 hours to see if it would trigger cell death (apoptosis). They tested two exposure levels - one mimicking typical phone use and another eight times higher. The study found no increase in brain cell death at either exposure level, suggesting that 24-hour exposure to cell phone radiation does not kill these particular brain cells.
Finnie JW, Blumbergs PC, Cai Z, Manavis J, Kuchel TR. · 2006
Researchers exposed pregnant mice to cell phone-like radiation (900 MHz) for one hour daily throughout pregnancy to see if it would damage the blood-brain barrier in developing fetal brains. The blood-brain barrier is a protective filter that prevents harmful substances from entering brain tissue. They found no damage to this protective barrier in any brain region examined, suggesting the radiation exposure did not compromise brain protection during development.
Nasta F et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed mice to cell phone radiation (900 MHz GSM signals) for 2 hours daily over 4 weeks to test whether it affects immune system function, specifically B-cells that produce antibodies to fight infections. They found no changes in B-cell development, antibody production, or immune responses compared to unexposed mice. This suggests that this level of cell phone radiation exposure doesn't impair the immune system's ability to protect against disease.
Calcagnini G et al. · 2006
Italian researchers tested whether GSM mobile phones could interfere with medical infusion pumps that deliver medications to patients. They found that 6 out of 8 volumetric pumps and 1 out of 4 syringe pumps malfunctioned when exposed to phones at maximum power within 30 centimeters. This matters because pump malfunctions in hospitals could deliver incorrect medication doses to critically ill patients.
Zhang DY, Xu ZP, Chiang H, Lu DQ, Zeng QL. · 2006
Researchers exposed Chinese hamster lung cells to cell phone radiation (1800 MHz GSM) at levels similar to what your phone produces during heavy use. After 24 hours of intermittent exposure, they found a 35% increase in DNA damage markers compared to unexposed cells. This suggests that prolonged cell phone radiation exposure may cause genetic damage at the cellular level.
Zhang DY, Xu ZP, Chiang H, Lu DQ, Zeng QL. · 2006
Chinese researchers exposed hamster lung cells to cell phone radiation at 1800 MHz (the frequency used by GSM networks) for either 1 or 24 hours to see if it would damage DNA. They found that 24-hour exposure at high intensity (3.0 W/kg) significantly increased DNA damage markers compared to unexposed cells, while 1-hour exposure showed no effect. This suggests that prolonged exposure to cell phone-type radiation may harm cellular DNA.
Zhang DY, Xu ZP, Chiang H, Lu DQ, Zeng QL. · 2006
Researchers exposed hamster lung cells to 1800 MHz radiation from GSM cell phones for 1 or 24 hours. Twenty-four hour exposure significantly increased DNA damage in 37.9% of cells versus 28.0% in unexposed cells, showing duration matters for cellular harm.
Chauhan V et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed human immune cells to 1.9 GHz radiofrequency radiation at levels similar to cell phone use (1-10 W/kg SAR) to see if it triggered cellular stress responses. They measured key stress markers including heat shock proteins and proto-oncogenes that typically activate when cells are damaged. The study found no significant changes in these stress indicators, suggesting the RF exposure did not cause detectable cellular stress under these laboratory conditions.
Lopez-Martin E et al. · 2006
Spanish researchers studied whether cell phone radiation could trigger seizures in rats that were already vulnerable to seizures (treated with a brain chemical called picrotoxin). When exposed to 900 MHz GSM radiation similar to mobile phones for 2 hours, these seizure-prone rats developed actual seizures and showed increased brain activity markers, while control rats without radiation exposure did not seize. This suggests cell phone radiation might worsen seizure risk in individuals who are already neurologically vulnerable.
Chauhan V et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed human immune cells to 1.9 GHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to cell phone signals) at power levels of 1 and 10 watts per kilogram for 6 hours to see if it would trigger stress responses or activate genes linked to cancer development. They found no changes in stress proteins or cancer-related genes at either power level, while heat treatment (as a positive control) did trigger the expected cellular stress responses.
Heikkinen et al. · 2006
Finnish researchers exposed female rats to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to cell phone frequencies) for 2 hours daily over 2 years while also giving them a known cancer-causing chemical in their drinking water. The study aimed to see if RF radiation would make tumors more likely to develop. The researchers found no evidence that RF radiation increased cancer risk, even when combined with a chemical known to cause tumors.
Yu D, Shen Y, Kuster N, Fu Y, Chiang H. · 2006
Researchers exposed 500 female rats to 900 MHz cell phone radiation (the same frequency used by GSM phones) for 4 hours daily over 26 weeks after giving them a cancer-causing chemical. While the study found no statistically significant increase in mammary tumors from RF exposure, there was a concerning trend toward higher cancer rates in rats exposed to the highest radiation levels, particularly during weeks 15-26.
Finnie JW, Cai Z, Blumbergs PC, Manavis J, Kuchel TR. · 2006
Researchers exposed pregnant mice to 900 MHz cell phone radiation for one hour daily throughout pregnancy to see if it would stress developing fetal brains. They measured c-fos, a protein that appears when brain cells are under stress. The study found no difference in stress markers between exposed and unexposed fetal brains, suggesting this level of radiation didn't cause detectable neural stress during development.
Sukhotina I, Streckert JR, Bitz AK, Hansen VW, Lerchl A · 2006
Researchers exposed isolated hamster pineal glands (which produce melatonin, the sleep hormone) to cell phone radiation at 1800 MHz for 7 hours at various power levels. Surprisingly, they found that moderate exposure levels actually increased melatonin production, while only the highest level (which caused tissue heating) suppressed it. This challenges the widely-discussed theory that cell phone radiation disrupts sleep by reducing melatonin.
Faraone et al. · 2006
Scientists tested how much cell phone radiation mice absorbed in a specialized exposure system. The 900 MHz radiation (older cell phone frequency) was precisely delivered at doses up to 3.4 watts per kilogram, concentrating mainly in the head, neck, and abdomen areas.
