Hirata A et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed rabbits to 2.45-GHz microwaves across a range of power densities to study the threshold for behavioral signs of thermal stress. The study found that a core temperature elevation of 1 degrees C was an estimate of the threshold for inducing behavioral signs of microwave-induced thermal stress in rabbits. The whole-body average SAR needed to produce behavioral signs was estimated at approximately 1.3 W/kg.
Frei P et al. · 2010
Researchers collected personal exposimeter measurements during one week and diary data from 166 study participants to evaluate different methods of assessing radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure. The mean personal exposure was 0.13 mW/m(2) when measurements during personal phone calls were excluded and 0.15 mW/m(2) when such measurements were included. Self-estimated exposure and geo-coded distance turned out to be poor surrogates for personal exposure.
Findlay RP, Dimbylow PJ. · 2010
Researchers calculated specific energy absorption rate (SAR) values in a 10-year-old sitting voxel model from exposure to electromagnetic fields at 2.4 and 5 GHz, frequencies commonly used by Wi-Fi devices. Both plane-wave exposure and irradiation from antennas in the near field were investigated for a variety of exposure conditions. In all situations studied, the calculated SAR values were considerably below basic restrictions.
Eşmekaya MA, Seyhan N, Omeroğlu S. · 2010
Researchers exposed two-month-old male Wistar rats to 900 MHz pulse-modulated RF radiation at a SAR of 1.35 Watt/kg for 20 min/day for three weeks. The study examined thyroid gland tissue using light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical methods. Morphological analyses revealed hypothyrophy of the gland, and the results indicated that thyroid hormone secretion was inhibited by the RF radiation. Apoptotic bodies were observed, and caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities were increased in thyroid cells of exposed rats.
Bartsch H et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed unrestrained female Sprague-Dawley rats to a low-intensity GSM-like signal (900 MHz pulsed with 217 Hz, 100 µW/cm² average power flux density) across four experiments conducted from 1997 to 2008. In the life-long experiments, median survival was significantly shortened under RF-exposure by 9.06% (95% CI 2.7 to 15.0%) (p=0.0064), amounting to 72 days in experiment III and 77 days in experiment IV.
Balmori A. · 2010
Researchers exposed eggs and tadpoles of the common frog (Rana temporaria) to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone antennae located 140 meters away for two months, from the egg phase until an advanced tadpole phase. The exposed group of 70 tadpoles showed low coordination of movements, asynchronous growth, and 90% mortality. A control group of 70 tadpoles kept under the same conditions inside a Faraday cage showed normal movement coordination, synchronous development, and only 4.2% mortality. The researchers concluded that radiation from phone masts in a real situation may affect development and may cause an increase in mortality of exposed tadpoles.
Augner C et al. · 2010
Researchers tested whether RF-EMF emitted by mobile phone base stations may affect salivary alpha-amylase, immunoglobulin A, and cortisol levels. Fifty-seven participants were randomly allocated to one of three experimental scenarios, and each participant went through five 50-minute exposure sessions. When exposure shifted from low to high in scenario 3, an increase of cortisol was detected, and IgA concentration was not significantly related to the exposure. The researchers suggested that RF-EMF in considerably lower field densities than ICNIRP guidelines may influence certain psychobiological stress markers.
Ozgur E, Güler G, Seyhan N. · 2010
Researchers exposed guinea pigs to an 1800-MHz GSM-modulated signal at a whole body SAR of 0.38 W/kg for 10 or 20 minutes per day for seven days to study oxidative damage in the liver. After exposure, significant increases in malondialdehyde and total nitric oxide levels were observed, along with decreases in several antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver. The extent of oxidative damage was found to be proportional to the duration of exposure, and both NAC and EGCG were found to protect liver tissue against this damage.
Szemerszky R, Zelena D, Barna I, Bárdos G. · 2010
Researchers exposed adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields at 0.5 mT, either for 5 days at 8 hours daily or for 4 to 6 weeks at 24 hours daily. Neither exposure duration produced the body changes associated with chronic stress, such as body weight reduction, thymus involution, or adrenal gland hypertrophy. After long-term exposure, rats showed elevated proopiomelanocortin and depressive-like behavior, and blood glucose was also higher. The researchers noted that the exposure intensity used was much higher than typical human exposure.
Kumar S, Jain S, Behari J, Avelev VD, Mathur R. · 2010
Researchers studied the effect of magnetic field exposure on food intake, water intake, and body weight in rats with complete spinal cord injury. Exposure ran at 50 Hz and 17.9 T for 2 hours per day over 8 weeks in rats with complete spinal cord transection at the T13 level. The results suggest a significant beneficial effect of chronic exposure to magnetic field of paraplegic rats.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers performed an independent replication of a study that reported enhanced cryptochrome-dependent responses at 500 muT. They matched the original experimental conditions and measured hypocotyl lengths and anthocyanin accumulation in seedlings grown at 500 microT with simultaneous controls at 50 microT. Additional experiments tested hypocotyl lengths at 50 microT, 1 mT, and approximately 100 mT with zero-field controls, measured expression of CHS, HY5, and GST genes, and examined blue-light intensity effects and sucrose in the growth medium. No consistent, statistically significant magnetic field responses were detected in any experiment.
Unknown authors · 2009
The review examined research on ELF fields in cancer, immune and nerve cells, and positive effects on bone and nerve cells, wound healing, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. The authors concluded that the myriad of effects ELF fields have on biological systems should not be ignored when evaluating risk and passing legislation to protect the public and workers. They also noted that the possibility of testing the efficacy of ELF fields in therapeutic protocols should not be overlooked.
Unknown authors · 2009
Unknown authors · 2009
The study reviewed recent trends in public health in Sweden using data from official Swedish registries. Population health generally improved during the early 1990s but suddenly started to deteriorate from 1997 onwards. The authors state that this dramatic change is not likely explained only by improved diagnostics and that a connection with increasing GHz radiation exposure cannot be ruled out.
Unknown authors · 2009
The paper comprehensively surveys recent research on wearable Internet of Things and classifies wearables into health, sports and daily activity, tracking and localization, and safety clusters. It groups and analyzes the fundamental algorithmic differences within each cluster and discusses research challenges and open issues. The survey reveals that Cellular IoT has many advantages for wearables but has been rarely studied by researchers. The article also addresses opportunities and challenges for implementing Cellular IoT-enabled wearables.
Unknown authors · 2009
The paper reviews the impact of radiofrequency radiation from wireless telecommunications on wildlife. Electromagnetic radiation is described as a form of environmental pollution that may hurt wildlife. Phone masts continuously irradiate species that could suffer long-term effects including reduced natural defenses, health deterioration, reproduction problems, and habitat loss. Electromagnetic radiation can cause aversive behavioral responses in rats, bats, and birds such as sparrows. The review suggests microwave and radiofrequency pollution is a potential cause for animal population declines and plant health deterioration near phone masts.
Unknown authors · 2009
This report is the third update to the Royal Society of Canada review covering 2004 to 2007. It examined new data on dosimetry and exposure assessment, biological effects such as enzyme induction, and toxicological effects including genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Investigators found no clear evidence of adverse health effects from RF fields but recommended continued research, especially on children's exposure.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers examined the feasibility of a cohort study on health risks from occupational radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure in Germany. They developed criteria covering exposure level and duration, cohort assembly, and disease endpoint ascertainment. Twenty occupational settings and amateur radio operators were reviewed, identifying broadcasting technicians, amateur radio operators, and dielectric heat sealer workers as promising. Further analysis found dielectric heat sealer workers infeasible due to small numbers and complex exposure assessment, while amateur radio operators had limited exposure assessment and broadcasting technicians were too few.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers monitored 455 calls in 30 adolescents using hardware-modified phones for one week to log laterality, number, and duration of calls. Agreement between measured and self-reported laterality was modest (κ=0.3), concordance for call number was fair (ICC=0.38), and for call duration was poor (ICC=0.01). The authors concluded that adolescent self-reported laterality has limited validity and that self-reported phone use by number and duration is generally inaccurate but comparable to adult studies.
Peyman A, Gabriel C, Grant EH, Vermeeren G, Martens L · 2009
Zareen N, Khan MY, Minhas LA. · 2009
Researchers exposed developing chick embryos to different doses of mobile phone induced EMFs by placing a mobile phone in the incubator in silent ringing mode. After 10 or 15 days of incubation, they compared developmental milestones of surviving embryos with a non-exposed subgroup. EMF exposure significantly decreased embryo survivability. Lower EMF doses caused growth retardation, while increasing doses shifted the effect to partial and then definite growth enhancement.
Vrijheid M et al. · 2009
Sirav B, Seyhan N · 2009
The aim of the study was to evaluate RF electromagnetic radiation levels at a site in Ankara hosting 64 TV and radio towers and one mobile base station. The site is near a residential community. Based on technical data from 31 transmitters, the calculated radiation level was approximately four times higher than Turkish permitted standards, which are the same as ICNIRP standards. The authors state that electromagnetic field measurement is needed at the site.
Kühn S, Jennings W, Christ A, Kuster N. · 2009
Researchers investigated absorption characteristics for anatomies ranging from a 6-year-old child to a large adult male using numerical modeling. They addressed exposure to plane waves incident from all six major sides of the human models with two orthogonal polarizations each. Worst-case scattered field exposure scenarios were constructed to test the implemented procedures of current in situ compliance measurement standards. The findings suggest that the reference levels of current electromagnetic safety guidelines and some measurement standards are not consistent with the basic restrictions and need to be revised.
Kristiansen IS et al. · 2009
Researchers used data from a 2006 telephone survey of 1004 people aged 15 years and older in Denmark to explore the prevalence, nature, and determinants of concerns about mobile phone radiation. Twenty-eight percent of respondents were concerned about mobile phone radiation, 15% about radiation from masts, and 82% about pollution. Nearly half considered the mortality risk of 3G phones and masts similar to being struck by lightning, while 7% thought it equivalent to tobacco-induced lung cancer. Among women, concerns were positively associated with education, perceived mortality risk, and concerns about unknown consequences of new technologies, and more than two-thirds felt they had received inadequate public information about the 3G system.
